Статті КМЧС (ІПБТ)
Permanent URI for this collection
Інститут промислових та бізнес технологій (ІПБТ)
Browse
Browsing Статті КМЧС (ІПБТ) by Title
Now showing 1 - 20 of 40
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Application of Biomass Pellets for Iron Ore Sintering(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland, 2021) Kieush, Lina; Koveria, Andrii; Qiao Zhu, Zuo; Boyko, Maksym M.; Sova, Artem; Yefimenko, VadymENG: Purpose. The use of biomass as fuel might solve several technological and environmental issues and overcome certain challenges of sinter production. In particular, as revealed by comprehensive analyses, biomass can be used as fuel for iron ore sintering. In this study, we investigate the use of some raw and pyrolysis-processed biomass pellet types, namely wood, sunflower husks (SFH), and straw, for iron ore sintering. In the experiments, the pyrolysis temperature was set to 673, 873, 1073, and 1273 K, and the proportion of biomass in the fuel composition was set to 25%. It was established that the addition of biofuels to the sintering blend leads to an increase in the gas permeability of the sintered layer. The analysis of the complex characteristics of the sintering process and the sinter strength showed the high potential of wood and sunflower husk pellets pyrolyzed at 1073 and 873 K, respectively, for iron ore sintering. The analysis of the macrostructure of the sinter samples obtained using biomaterials revealed that with higher pyrolysis temperatures; the materials tend to have greater sizes and higher amounts of pores and cracks. The composition analyses of the resultant sinters revealed that with higher temperature, the FeO content of the sinters tends to increase.Item Criterion Assessment of the Efficiency of Injection Equipment during the Injection of Powdered Ferroalloys(Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, 2022) Niziaiev, Kostiantyn H.; Khotiun, Vadym I.ENG: The purpose of the work is determining the efficiency of injection equipment with the injection of ferroalloys of different fractional composition, density and flow deep into the iron-carbon melt, taking into account the parameters of injection equipment (length and diameter of the pipeline and pressure in the powder-feeder). The analytical review of the literature is performed, which confirmed the advantage of powder injection in a teeming ladle compared to traditional technologies of deoxidation and alloying. Based on known mathematical models adapted to specific technological conditions, mathematical modeling is carried out, which takes into account a number of important parameters for technology, including fractional composition, density and consumption of powder ferroalloy, taking into account the parameters of injection equipment. The optimal diameter of the pipeline is determined. Nomograms of the lowest level of carrier gas consumption are designed. With the help of nomograms, it is possible to control the operation mode of injection equipment in obtaining pulsationless transportation of gas-powder mixture depending on the ferroalloy fraction, its flow rate and density, taking into account the diameter of the pipeline. Based on the results of mathematical modeling, the criterion for assessment the efficiency of injection equipment has been deduced, that makes it possible to determine quickly the pulsationless transport of gas-powder mixture depending on the fraction of powder reagent and pipeline diameter. The consumption of carrier gas depending on the fraction of powder reagent and the diameter of the pipeline, which can be used to control the operation mode of injection equipment in order to obtain pulsationless transport of gas-powder mixture has been determined.Item Determining Changes in the Temperature Field of a Graphitized Hollow Electrode During Metal Processing Periods in Ladle-Furnace(РС Тесhnology Сеntеr, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2021) Ruban, Volodymyr; Stoianov, Oleksandr; Niziaiev, Kostiantyn; Synehin, YevhenENG: This paper reports an analysis of the process of heating a graphitized hollow electrode (GHE) during steel processing in ladle-furnace. The results of the numerical modeling of electrode operation are given. The data on the temperature field of the electrode were obtained when electricity was supplied and during periods without electrical loading. Values of the Joule heat released at electrode operation during the periods of metal heating in ladle-furnace were calculated; they amounted to 1.11–1.15 MW/m3. Coefficients of the heat transfer by convection have been calculated for the inner and outer GHE surface: 1.60 and 1.80, and 5–17 W/(m2∙°C), respectively. Values of the electrode temperature gradient in the high-temperature zone were obtained, which, for the first heating period, reached 8,286 °C/m, for the third ‒ to 6,571 °C/m. It was established that during the cooling periods of the electrode, the temperature gradient is significantly reduced and amounts to the inner surface of 379 °C/m; to the outer surface ‒ 3,613 °C/m; the vertical plane to the end of the electrode ‒ 1,469 °C/m. The directions to improve the installation’s thermal work and reduce its resource intensity during out-of-furnace processing of steel have been defined. It has been determined that during the periods of electrode operation with current supply, significant values of the temperature gradient are observed, which are concentrated in the end part. During the periods of operation without current supply, a locally overheated zone forms, taking the shape of a torus flattened along the axis, which is created as a result of the accumulation of heat from the preceding period. The data have been acquired on the effect exerted by the gas supply through a hollow electrode on the parameters of formation of the high-temperature GHE regions. It has been shown that the supply of neutral gas through a graphitized hollow electrode at a flow rate of 0.05 m3/min shifts the high-temperature zone to the periphery by 3.5–4.2 mm, as well as reduces its height by 1.0–1.2 mm. The study reported here could make it possible to calculate expedient gas and material consumption for controlling the oxidation of metal and slag, to reduce the consumption of graphitized electrodes, to bring down energy- and resource costs for metal production.Item Didactic Aspects of Distance Learning in the Conditions of Pandemic and Martial Law(Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Dnipro, Ukraine, 2022) Galushko, Olena; Kovalenko-Marchenkova, Yevheniia; Chistyakov, Volodymyr G.ENG: The article deals with the topical issues of improving the effectiveness of the educational process in higher educational institutions in the conditions of a pandemic and martial law. The evolution of distance learning is considered. Peculiarities of the remote form of education, which functions on the basis of modern psychological and pedagogical and information and communication technologies, have been studied. The peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in higher educational institutions in the context of the pandemic and martial law were analyzed, in particular didactic aspects of the educational process in conditions of danger and increased stress. Special attention is paid to the psychological state of students and ways of reducing stress and activating their attention on the educational process, taking into account the types of information perception (audio, visual, kinesthetic, digital). Ways to improve the distance learning process in the conditions of a pandemic and martial law are proposed.Item Influence of Biocoke on Iron Ore Sintering Performance and Strength Properties of Sinter(Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, 2022) Kieush, Lina; Koveria, Andrii; Boyko, Maksym M.; Yaholnyk, Maksym V.; Hrubiak, Andrii; Molchanov, Lavr; Moklyak, VolodymyrENG: Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate the use of biocoke as a fuel in the iron ore sintering, as well as its influence on the performance and properties of the resulting sinter. To completely replace conventional coke breeze, biocoke is produced using 5 wt.% biomass wood pellets at different carbonization temperatures of 950 or 1100°C. Further, the influence of biocoke on the sintering process and the sinter quality is studied at a high proportion of biomass pellets of 10, 15, 30, 45 wt.% and a carbonization temperature of 950°C. Methods. Carbonization is performed in shaft-type electric furnaces to produce laboratory coke or biocoke. Afterward, the sintering of iron ores is conducted on a sinter plant. To assess the sintering process and the quality of the resulting sinter, the filtration rate is determined on a laboratory sinter plant using a vane anemometer designed to measure the directional flow average velocity under industrial conditions. The sinter reducibility is studied using a vertical heating furnace to assess the effect of coke and biocoke on the sinter’s physical-chemical properties. Findings. It has been determined that biocoke, carbonized at a temperature of 950°C, has good prospects and potential for a shift to a sustainable process of iron ore sintering. Originality. It has been proven that biocoke with a biomass pellet ratio of up to 15 wt.%, obtained at a temperature of 950°C, does not affect the parameters characterizing the sintering process. The sinter strength indicators correspond to the use of 100 wt.% conventional coke breeze. Biocoke used with a high proportion of biomass pellets of 30 and 45 wt.% causes a deterioration in the sinter quality. Practical implications. The results of using biocoke with the addition of 5-15 wt.% biomass pellets and at a temperature of 950°C are within the standard deviation, which makes it possible to use biocoke with 15 wt.% biomass pellets instead of industrial coke breeze.Item International Comparison of Impuritiesmixing and Accumulation in Steel Scrap(International Society for Industrial Ecology, Blackwell, 2022) Panasiuk, Daryna; Daigo, Ichiro; Hoshino, Takeo; Hayashi, Hideo; Yamasue, Eiji; Tran, Duc Huy; Sprecher, Benjamin; Shi, Feng; Shatokha, VolodymyrENG: The accumulation of impurities in the recycling of steel impacts the quality of secondary steel. Understanding impurity levels is crucial in the context of the proliferation of circular economy policies, expected high recycling rates, and growth of scrap consumption. By assuming the accumulation of impurities to be equal worldwide, the understanding of the extent and variation of the mixing and accumulation was limited in previous studies, and the factors influencing those variations were not considered. This is a first cross-national comparison of impurity accumulation in recycled steel. In this study, the copper, tin, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum content was analyzed in over 500 samples of electric arc furnace rebars from China, Japan, Vietnam, Ukraine, and the Netherlands (representing northwestern Europe) with an optical emission spectrometer. The impurity content in rebars represents the content of impurities accumulated in steel scrap in the countries studied. The measured content of impurities was then used to determine the factors influencing the accumulation of those impurities. It was revealed that the recycling technology, the presence of a market for recovered metals, the quality of the material input, steelmaking practices, and the management of byproducts derived from a legislative or economic context played a role in the impurities content. By communicating on scrap chemical content, the collaboration between the recycling and steel industries could be enhanced in terms of matching the demand and supply and facilitating an increase in the scrap share in steelmaking.Item Investigating Cavity Formation in an Electric Arc Zone During Out-of-Furnace Processing of Steel(PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER, Ukraine, 2023) Ruban, Volodymyr O.; Stoianov, Oleksandr M.; Niziaiev, Kostiantyn H.; Synehin, Yevhen V.; Zhuravlova, Svitlana V.; Malii, Khrystyna V.ENG: The object of this study is the interaction zone between a graphitized hollow electrode (GHE) and a metal bath on the «ladle-furnace» installation. The regularities of the formation of the geometric parameters of the hole were established for the purpose of further evaluation of the heat exchange under the electrode in the arc combustion zone under different operating conditions of the «ladle-furnace» installation. An experimental methodology was devised, and a laboratory setup was built for physical simulation on a cold model. The values of the geometric parameters of the cavity formed by the electric arc discharge in the sub-electrode zone were calculated. In particular, the area of the curved surface of the cavity is about 0.2 m2 at a depth of 40 mm. The regularities of formation of the geometry of the cavity during gas injection through the GHE channel have been established, in particular with regard to the area and depth of the cavity. Thus, with a gas consumption of 3–20 m3/h and a slag cover height of 100 mm, the area reaches 0.28–0.5 m2, while the depth of the cavity ranged from 5 cm to 19 cm, respectively. Rational flow rates of gas supplied through the channel of the graphitized hollow electrode were established, which for a slag cover of 100 mm are 3–6 m3/h and for a slag cover of 200 mm – 6–10 m3/h. The peculiarities of the formation of a metal cavity in the sub-electrode zone under the conditions of gas supply through the channel of a graphitized hollow electrode during out-of-furnace processing of steel at the «ladle-furnace» installation were investigated. The patterns of the formation of the geometry of the cavity in the arc combustion zone, which were obtained using cold modeling, could subsequently make it possible to perform calculations of heat transfer from the electric arc discharge to the metal bath. That will also make it possible to determine the share of heat absorbed by slag and metal under the conditions of using a conventional electrode, and a hollow one with gas supply through its channel during out-of-furnace processing of steel at the «ladle-furnace» installation.Item The Investigation of the Thermal Performance of the Graphitized Hollow Electrode in the "Ladle-Furnace" with the Supply of Neutral Gas(Physical-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2023) Ruban, Volodymyr O.; Stoianov, Oleksandr M.ENG: The article presents an analysis of heat transfer efficiency from an electric arc discharge formed in the sub-electrode zone to a metal bath under different operating conditions of the “ladle-furnace” (LF). A numerical modeling methodology has been developed, and the obtained data have been analyzed to determine the heat transfer efficiency with the supply of neutral gas through a graphitized hollow electrode (GHE). The objective of this study is the numerical modeling of the influence of changing the geometric parameters of the metal bath cavity formed by gas injection through the channel of the graphitized hollow electrode on the heat transfer efficiency from the electric arc to the metal bath at different thickness of the slag cover in the “ladle-furnace”. Research methods. Numerical modeling of the heating of the metal bath was performed on a developed 3D model of a steel ladle with liquid metal and a cavity zone formed under the action of an electric arc and gas supplied through the channel of the graphitized hollow electrode. Heating was conducted under different geometric parameters of the cavity and varying heights of the slag cover. The obtained data were analyzed, indicating the advantage of using the graphitized hollow electrode with gas supply through its channel compared to a conventional electrode. Results obtained. The share of heat absorbed by the slag and metal under the conditions of using a conventional electrode and a hollow electrode with gas supply through its channel was determined. The influence of the parameters of the reaction zone formed under the GHE on the heat transfer from the electric arc to the metal bath was determined, with maximum temperature increase values of the metal amounting to 0.6 ºC/min. Scientific novelty. New data were obtained regarding the influence of neutral gas supply through GHE on the amount of heat transferred to the metal by convection, and indicators of the heat flux density from the electric arc to the metal cavity in the sub-electrode zone were determined. Practical significance. It was determined that increasing the area of the metal cavity by supplying gas through the GHE channel improves the heat transfer from the electric arc to the metal bath. Meanwhile, increasing the thickness of the slag cover reduces heat losses to the furnace atmosphere. The carried out research provided important data regarding the thermal performance of the "ladle-furnace" in the sub-electrode zone, which can be further utilized for process optimization.Item Metallurgical Processing of Converter Slag(Satbayev University, Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Kazakhstan, 2021) Tleugabulov, S. M.; Aitkenov, N. B.; Zhabalova, G. G.; Velichko, Aleksandr; Uleva, G. A.ENG: Converter slurries at modern metallurgical plants represent a significant part of metal-containing industrial waste with a high concentration of iron. Currently, there is a problem of their utilization and use as raw materials for metallurgy. The purpose of this work is to study the processes of briquetting and recovery of briquetted products, based on a mixture of converter slurries of gas purification and converter slags. When performing experimental studies on the preparation of sludge briquettes from a mixture of converter sludge of gas purification and converter slag, their metallization and reduction melting in laboratory conditions, the optimal composition of the components of the mixture of converter slag and gas purification sludge was determined by the percentage of iron, which is appropriate for use as a raw material for steel smelting. Experimental studies on the preparation of sludge-coal mixtures from dispersed metal-containing and carbon-containing industrial waste with stoichiometric coal consumption for the recovery of extracted metals have proved the possibility of obtaining sludge-coal briquettes, which are further subjected to metallization and reduction melting. Sequential processing of dispersed production waste, namely drying, metallization and reduction melting, allowed us to obtain at the final stage a metal sample that corresponds to high-quality steel in its composition. Based on the analysis of the results of experimental studies, the technology of reducing melting of metal-containing waste has been developed. As a result of the implementation of the technology, high-quality steels and alloys can be obtained without carburizing the metal, bypassing the production stages of cast iron and high-carbon alloys. The content of harmful impurities of sulfur and phosphorus meets the technical requirements of high-quality steel. The proposed technology for processing slag and sludge from oxygen-converter production will reduce the volume of accumulated production waste.Item Oxygen Distribution between Phases during Ladle Processing of Aluminum Killed Bof Steels(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2021) Boychenko, Serhii; Kirilenko, Yana; Stoianov, Oleksander M.; Niziaiev, Kostiantyn H.; Synehin, Yevgen V.; Sukhovetskyi, Serhii V.ENG: The modern state of secondary metallurgy is characterized by the sustainable development of technologies that ensure high metal quality by reducing the number of non-metallic inclusions, the which is closely related to the oxygen content in steel after smelting. Therefore, the issues of regularities of oxygen distribution between phases at the stage, BOF - CCM. Purpose. The aim of the research was to determine the conditions of redistribution of oxygen dissolved in the metal depending on the stages of steel processing, to determine the degree of approach of deoxidation processes to thermodynamic equilibrium. Methodology. Research was carried out in industrial scale. Steel grades 34Cr and 36CrB were smelted in BOF of 170–t capacity. Processing of crude steel was carried out in a LF unit with further vacuum degassing and without it and transfer of steel to CCM. At each stage of steel treatment, metal and slag samples were taken using an automatic sampler to determine the chemical composition, and the temperature. Oxygen content were monitored using a "Celox" analyzer. Findings. The carried-out studies showed that before the end of metal processing in the ladle, it is possible to detect individual reoxidation processes caused by unwanted ingress of oxygen from the air and from ladle slag oxides. According to calculations, in the second half of processing in the ladle and during casting, there is a slight deoxidation of steel with aluminum due to a decrease in temperature. Even if during this time due to the exchange reaction between steel and slag, a small amount of Mn and Si is recovered from the ladle slag, while its composition is practically constant throughout the period of steel processing in the ladle, while the metallurgical reactions proceed in the region of thermodynamic equilibrium. Originality. It has been determined that oxygen activity in steel varies unevenly over time and decreases to 3 ppm by the end of treatment in the ladle. While in each case it is in the Fe – a[O] – Al system near the calculated values of thermodynamic equilibrium. Practical value. The use of the obtained regularities makes it possible to obtain the specified content of aluminum in steel for the studied assortment and to predict the burning of deoxidizers and alloying elements, ensuring the reliability of obtaining the required chemical composition of steel with a high degree of purity.Item Physical Model of Influence of CaO-FeO-SiO2 Powder Fraction on the Heat Transfer from Torch(Publishing House “Akademperiodyka”, 2022) Molchanov, L. S.; Golub, T. S.; Synehin, Yevhen. V.; Semykin, S. I.ENG: Introduction. One of the main ways of heat transfer in metallurgical units is the interaction of the charge with a burning gas torch. The heat is transferred from the torch mainly by radiation. In particular, oxygen converter process under its typical temperature and chemical conditions of oxidation processes is accompanied by combustion reactions with the formation of a torch both in the cavity of the converter (in the so called reaction zone) and above the converter neck as a result of partial post-combustion of exhaust gases leaving the unit. Problem Statement. The processes in metallurgical units are accompanied by significant smoke and dust, which affect the efficiency of heat transfer from the torch of exhaust gases post-combustion to the metal bath that is an additional source of heat in the converter process. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of the introduction of solid powder components into the environment around the torch on its heat transfer. Materials and Methods. The research has been carried out on the physical model of a burning torch when CaO-FeO-SiO2 system powders are fed into the torch in air flow. The magnitude of the heat flow density has been estimated on the basis of the registered temperature difference in different parts of the model. Results. It has been established that the feed of air or any solid material at a temperature much lower than the torch temperature has a negative effect on heat transfer from the torch by radiation. However, the total heat flow density is not significantly reduced due to the possible involvement of heated solids in other heat transfer methods. For the CaO-FeO-SiO2 system, the share of silicon dioxide powder as a component with the highest heat capacity has the greatest negative effect on the heat transfer from the torch. Conclusions. The studies based on the physical model have allowed us to qualitatively assess the effect of dustiness of the components of CaO-FeO-SiO2 system of the burning torch environment on its heat transfer and on the contribution of different heat transfer methods from the torch to the total heat flow density in given conditions.Item Production of Iron Ore Pellets by Utilization of Sunflower Husks(Technical University of Košice, Slovakia, 2021) Kieush, Lina; Boyko, Maksym; Koveria, Andrii; Yaholnyk, Maksym; Poliakova, NataliaENG: Steel production is the most dynamic industry and one of the key sectors for developing the global economy. The growing iron ore production increases its beneficiation and granulating for subsequent iron and steel production use. As a result, CO2 emissions and harmful substances increase, negatively affecting society and the environment. In this regard, it is important to study the use of biomass for the production of iron ore pellets. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable source of heat and energy that can mitigate climate change. The influences of alternative fuel use on technological indicators of the process and quality of iron ore pellets have been analyzed. The efficiency of using 40.4-60.7 vol.% of sunflower husks on the combined machine “straight grate - rotary kiln - annular cooler” to partially replace natural gas in iron ore pellets production under industrial conditions has been studied. It was found that the combustion of sunflower husks generates enough heat (19.31 MJ kg−1) to obtain iron ore pellets with good strength. After evaluating the parameters of the combined machine and the quality of the resulting pellets, it was determined that it would be rational to replace up to 48.3 vol.% of natural gas with crushed sunflower husks.Item Slag Parameters and Sulphur Partition in Blast Furnace Hearth: Ukrainian Case and International Comparison(Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, 2022) Shatokha, VolodymyrENG: Purpose. Blast furnace ironmaking usually requires maintaining a reasonable level of hot metal desulphurization; therefore, knowledge of the complex interplay between physical properties and desulphurization potential of slag is essential for the holistic approach to the operation. Several models for predicting sulphur partition between slag and hot metal based on sulphide capacity estimation have been studied in application to the Ukrainian blast furnace. Influence of an optical basicity, as well as of CaO/SiO2 and MgO/Al2O3 ratios on sulphur partition between slag and hot metal, was analysed. Attainment of the equilibrium partition was estimated in connection with Si content in hot metal. International comparison of blast furnace slags was conducted involving data for 25 steelworks from 16 countries covering composition, physical properties and desulphurization potential. Approaches to optimization of slag composition are discussed, considering the tradeoff between enhancing slag’s desulphurization capacity and keeping its physical properties favourable to smooth and productive operation.Item Study of the Designs of Bottom Blowing Devices for Oxidative Blowing in Teeming Ladles(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2021) Molchanov, Lavr; Arendach, Natalia; Synehin, YevhenENG: It is discussed in the article the concept proposed for the production of ultra-low carbon steel, which involves the production of crude steel in basic oxygen furnace followed by oxidative blowing with an oxygen-argon mixture in a teeming ladle to decrease a carbon content in steel to less than 0.03%. High efficiency of the proposed technology is possible only under the intensive process of metal decarburization, which consists of the three stages: supply of reagents to the gas bubble, chemical interaction of reagents on theinterfacial surface and removal of reaction products. At low carbon concentrations in the metal, the limiting link of the process is carbon mass transfer to the interfacial surface, which can be intensified by melt stirring. The objective of this article is to study the influence of design of the blowing devices, namely, the position and shape of the pores, on the efficiency of metal homogenization in the teeming ladle. Blowing devices with a circular hole, a slit and undirectional porosity were considered. To perform physical simulation by Buckingham's theorem, similarity numbers were chosen to describe the considered process. In particular, it is proposed to use dimensionless volume flow and a modified homochronicity number. Based on the physical simulation on the “water” model, it was found that the best results of homogenization of the chemical composition of the liquid metal in the teeming ladle show blowing devices with undirected porosity. They are ideal for oxidative purging in a crowded ladle with a mixture of argon and oxygen required for the production of ultra-low carbon steel with an oxygen content of less than 0.03%. The purpose of further research is to develop the design of the mixing chamber of the purge device, in which oxygen and argon are pre-mixed before injection into the liquid metal.Item Walnut Shells as a Potential Fuel for Iron Ore Sintering(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland, 2021) Kieush, Lina; Koveria, Andrii; Boyko, Maksym; Hrubyak, Andrii; Sova, Artem; Yefimenko, VadymENG: Purpose. Iron ore sintering is a predominant process for fine iron ore and its concentrate to be applied in the blast furnace process. However, sintering produces a negative impact on the environment. One of the effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from iron ore sintering is to use CO2-neutral biomaterials for the fuel needs of this technology. Walnut shells (WNS) are a promising raw material for such fuel substitute. Herein, the effect of the raw and the pyrolyzed WNS with a constant fineness of 3-0 mm on the sintering process and the sinter properties were studied. The proportion of WNS in the fuel composition was set to 25 wt.%. It has been established that the use of WNS pyrolyzed up to 873 K is optimal. Additionally, the difference in the reactivity of WNS and coke breeze has provoked the studies on the influence of the pyrolyzed WNS size on the sintering process. WNS size was set to 1-0, 3-0, 5-0, and 7-0 mm. It has been found that the most optimal both for the iron ore sintering process and the sinter quality is the use of WNS with a particle size of 3-0 mm, subjected to preliminary pyrolysis up to 873 K.Item Актуальні проблеми підготовки майбутніх металургів та магістрів з професійної освіти в умовах сучасної університетської освіти(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2022) Палагута, Вадим Іванович; Лучанінова, Ольга ПетрівнаUKR: Мета. Розкрити практичну цінність науково-педагогічної практики магістрів з професійної освіти для формування певних компетентностей під час проведення цієї практики у бакалаврських групах майбутніх інженерів-металургів та проаналізувати взаємонавчання бакалаврів-металургів і магістрів з професійної освіти для їхньої майбутньої професійної діяльності Методологія. Методи дослідження у вигляді педагогічного експерименту, аналізу експериментального матеріалу, анкет стейкхолдерів, аналізу результатів опитування студентів. Результати. Теоретично обґрунтовано та експериментально підтверджено, що використання сучасних засобів навчання майбутніх металургів є ефективними у процесі розвитку або формування їхніх як професійних, так і загальних компетентностей, сприяють розвитку професіоналізму магістрів із професійної освіти, а також поглибленню знань із металургійних дисциплін, що вирішує проблеми професійної підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти. Наукова новизна. Експериментально доведено, що суттєво підвищується рівень теоретичної професійної підготовки майбутнього інженера-металурга, магістра з професійної освіти у поєднанні з рівнем спрямованості їхніх знань на практичну діяльність. Практична значущість полягає в тому, що у процесі вивчення металургійних дисциплін доцільно застосовувати переважно компетентнісний підхід, інтенсивну цифровізацію освітнього процесу, поширене використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, різноманітні засоби контекстної професійної підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти з металургії та професійної освіти, які спрямовані на розвиток особистісних компетентностей здобувачів.Item Аналітичні дослідження технології рафінування і легування металу на установці «ківш-піч»(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2022) Рубан, Володимир Олександрович; Стоянов, Олександр МиколайовичUKR: Актуальність: Обробка металу на установці «ківш-піч» (УКП) є одним з найважливіших етапів позапічної обробки сталі, ключовими операціями якої є десульфурація, легування, видалення і модифікування неметалевих включень, які пов’язані з затратами теплоти, що компенсується шляхом використання енергії електричної дуги і забезпечує задану температуру перед розливанням. Розвиток технологій позапічної обробки сталі на установці «ківш-піч» обумовлений необхідністю підвищення якості та конкурентоспроможності металургійної продукції шляхом зниження її матеріало- і енергоємності. Позапічна обробка сталі на УКП дозволяє регулювати хімічний склад розплаву в вузькому діапазоні (мікролегування), підтримувати задану температуру сталі певного сортаменту перед розливанням на машинах безперервного лиття заготівки (МБЛЗ), що в свою чергу впливає на формування структури та властивостей кінцевого продукту. Аналітичні дослідження роботи установки «ківш-піч» спрямовані на оптимізацію процесу позапічної обробки сталі, зменшенні втрат енергії та матеріалів, підвищенні продуктивності та якості кінцевої продукції. Таким чином актуальність досліджень ковшової обробки металу, можуть сприяти розвитку нових технологій та матеріалів, що забезпечать більш ефективну виробничу діяльність. Мета роботи: Аналітичний огляд науково-технічної літератури, вітчизняних та закордонних патентів, присвячений розвитку технологій позапічної обробки сталі на установці «ківш-піч». Наукова новизна: Встановлені основні вектори розвитку технологій і обладнання позапічної обробки сталі на установці «ківш-піч», які стосуються використання графітованих порожнистих електродів. Визначено позитивний вплив використання порожнистих електродів, на роботу установки «ківш-піч» за рахунок стабільного існування розряду електричної дуги, унеможливлення процесу розриву шару шлаку та покращення умов передачі теплоти безпосередньо металевому розплаву. Наукові та практичні результати: виходячи з огляду технологій обробки сталі на установці «ківш-піч» використання графітованих порожнистих електродів в подальшому дасть змогу визначити раціональні витрати газу, що подається каналом електрода, провести дослідження його впливу на параметри лунки піделектродної зони та теплові режими роботи агрегату.Item Аналітичні дослідження і характеристика методів рафінування сталі у промковші МБЛЗ(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2022) Синегін, Євген Володимирович; Суховецький, Сергій ВасильовичUKR: Актуальність: Постійно зростаючі вимоги до якості металопродукції та її собівартості спонукають до сталого розвитку технологій рафінування сталі, зокрема й від неметалевих включень, присутність яких в сталі суттєво знижує механічні властивості сталевої продукції. Наразі рафінування сталі від неметалевих включень здійснюється починаючи з позапічної обробки сталі у сталерозливному ковші і з акінчується на етапі розливання сталі. Найбільш ефективними методами рафінування сталі, що зумовило їх широке використання в промисловості, є продувка інертним газом, електромагнітне перемішування, модифікування та ін. Найбільш ефективним з погляду рафінування сталі є обробка на фінішних етапах виробництва, зокрема при розливанні стаі на МБЛЗ у проміжному ковші. Мета роботи: з огляду на широке різномаїття технологій і методів рафінування сталі, зокрема й на етапі безперервного розливання сталі, виникає потреба в їх систематизації і класифікації, що дозволить краще оцінювати і порівнювати їх ефективність. Наукова новизна: систематизовані і класифіковані методи рафінування сталі при безперервному розливанні сталі. На прикладі світового досвіду, ґрунтуючись на огляді останніх закордонних публікацій, розглянуто конкретне застосування і ефективність кожного типу методів. Наукові та практичні результати: запропонована класифікація методів дозволить краще оцінювати їх ефективність та раціонально обирати доцільні методи та їх комбінації для кожного окремого виробництва, зокрема із урахуванням марки сталі. Також, виходячи з оцінки ефективності розглянутих методів, можна визначити додаткові резерви щодо їх вдосконалення.Item Вдосконалення технології виробництва та покращання якісних характеристик комплексного флюса(Інститут чорної металургії ім. З. І. Некрасова Національної академії наук України, Дніпро, 2022) Бочка, Володимир Васильович; Ягольник, Максим Вікторович; Двоєглазова, А. В.; Фурсов, М. О.UKR: У статті розглядається можливість підвищення ефективності сучасного агломераційного процесу, яка здійснюється шляхом вдосконалення технології виробництва комплексного флюсу. Узагальнено вітчизняний та світовий досвід розробки та використання у процесах окускування металургійної сировини нового типу – комплексного флюсу. Відмічається, що даний вид флюсу вносить до агломераційної шихти значний набір мінералогічних сполук, які суттєво покращують умови спікання та якість окускованої сировини. Запропоновано спосіб виробництва комплексного флюсу шляхом об'єднання процесів обпалу вапняку та утворення феритів кальцію. Показано можливості та переваги використання спеціалізованого програмного забезпечення задля аналізу реакцій дисоціації вапняку в різних умовах. Висвітлено один із напрямків виробництва комплексного флюсу заданого складу та властивостей, основою якого є отримання комбінованих гранул, утворених кусочками вапняку крупністю та оболонкою із залізорудних матеріалів (концентрат, залізна руда), шляхом поєднання процесів випалу вапняку та утворення феритів кальцію. Термодинамічним аналізом показано високу достовірність взаємодії вапна з оксидами рудного матеріалу з утворенням комплексного флюсу заданого складу та властивостей. Процес реалізується шляхом спікання на конвеєрній машині за агломераційною технологією. Розроблено основні параметри технологічного режиму виробництва комплексного флюсу. Доведено, що при розробці та вдосконаленні технології виробництва комплексного флюсу з гранул вапняку з накочуванням залізовмісного матеріалу велике значення має правильний вибір крупності вапняку, палива, а також величин інших технологічних параметрів. Результати проведених досліджень підтверджують технологічність обраного напрямку виробництва комплексного флюсу за рахунок поєднання процесів виробництва вапна і феритних спеків.Item Виплавка металевого марганцю та марганцевих сплавів у конвертері газокисневого рафінування(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2021) Величко, Олександр Григорович; Камкіна, Людмила Володимирівна; Ду, Юньшень; Величко, Костянтин Олександрович; Мяновська, Яна ВалеріївнаUKR: Мета роботи обґрунтування та розробка технологічних рішень виплавки металевого марганцю та його сплавів на основі дуплекс-технології "дугова електросталеплавильна піч-конвертер газокисневого рафінування. Методи: термодинамічний аналіз за стадійними реакціями та фазовими перетвореннями вихідних речовин, що беруть участь у хімічних реакціях; лабораторні та промислові дослідження; хімічний аналіз. Наукова новизна: при конвертуванні малофосфористого марганцевого шлаку та залученні переробного силікомарганцю показано можливість отримання металевого марганцю при введенні в ході продування пилоподібного вапна. Обгрунтовано можливість виплавлення в конвертері газокисневого рафінування силікотермічним способом низьковуглецевого феромарганцю та металевого марганцю. Практична цінність: У напівпромисловому та промисловому конвертерах газокисневого рафінування випробувані технології отримання низько- та середньовуглецевого феромарганцю та металевого марганцю силікотермічним методом та продуванням високовуглецевого феромарганцю газоподібним киснем. Силікотермічний спосіб забезпечував високу продуктивність, простоту металургійного переділу, високе вилучення марганцю, мінімальні "ульоти" марганцю з випаровуванням і перехід марганцю в шлак.