Browsing by Author "Bodnar, Borys Ye."
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Item Choosing the System of Locomotive Maintenance in View of the Effect of Dependent Failures(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2018) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Hryshechkina, Tatiana S.; Bodnar, Yevhen B.ENG: Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the use of locomotives by choosing a rational maintenance system that takes into account the assessment of the effect of dependent failures on the cost of their life cycle is the main purpose of this paper. Methodology. The relevance of introducing LCC (life cycle cost) approaches in locomotive facilities is explained by the introduction of new locomotives with on-board control and diagnostic systems, as well as the development of the theory of traction rolling stock maintenance systems. The cost of a locomotive as a traction unit ceases to be the determining factor. This is because the locomotive maintenance and repair cost for the entire period of its operation is much higher than the initial cost of the locomotive. The paper analyses the existing approaches to managing the cost of the life cycle of locomotives at the stages of selecting, updating, upgrading and operating the traction rolling stock. The necessity of improving the methods for assessing the degree of influence of reliability indicators of locomotive assemblies on the choice of the maintenance system and the cost of the locomotive life cycle is substantiated. Findings. It is proposed to use the concept of «the effect of dependent failures» when calculating the cost of locomotive renewal after unscheduled repairs and its life cycle cost. We improved the methods for determining the cost of unscheduled repairs, taking into account dependent failures and the coefficient of assessment of the effect of dependent node failure on the locomotive maintenance system. The proposed coefficient will determine the nodes, the failure of which affects the renewal cost more than their nominal value. It will also help to take into account the probable losses due to node failure during the development and adjustment of the locomotive maintenance system. Originality. For the first time, it is proposed to use the concept of the effect of de-pendent failures to calculate the locomotive renewal cost when performing unscheduled repairs, as well as the loco-motive life cycle cost. Practical value. The improved calculation method for determining the cost of unplanned repairs with account taken of dependent failures can be used to compare and evaluate different variants of the locomotive maintenance system and to develop the locomotive diagnostic systems.Item Consideration of Dependent Failures Impact on Selecting the System of Locomotive Maintenance(Kaunas Univ. of Technology, Palanga, Lithuania, 2019) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Bodnar, Yevhen B.; Hryshechkina, Tatiana S.; Skvireckas, R.ENG: Modern measures aimed at reducing the operating costs are closely related to such concepts as LCC and RAMS-approach. The article analyzes the existing standards that regulate their usage. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology for determining the renewal costs of locomotive nodes with due regard to dependent failures. To describe the propagation of dependent failures in the system, the authors propose to use the wave approach. The dependent failures impact on the system is determined on the basis of information about the relationship between elements and data from a technological-economic map concerning the cost of locomotive nodes renewal. To take into account the probabilistic nature, the authors propose to use the methods of expert research for determining the probability of failure of dependent elements. The authors proposed a method for determining the probability of the locomotive nodes breakdown considering the dependent failures. The method of calculating the average cost of unscheduled repair, considering the dependent failures of interrelated elements was improved. For the first time, a recurrence relation on a set is deduced, by which the volume of damage is calculated at the dependent failures of elements in a complex system. The coefficient, which will allow assessing the impact of dependent failures on the maintenance system and the life cycle cost of a locomotive, is proposed. On the basis of the proposed method, the calculations for the electric equipment of electric locomotives, DE1 series were made. A comparison of the renewal cost of electrical equipment with considering the dependent failures of related elements was made.Item Defining the Limits of Application and the Values of Integration Variables for the Equations of Train Movement(National Technical University «Dnipro Polytechnic», 2019) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Kapitsa, Mykhailo I.; Bobyr, Dmytro V.; Kyslyi, Dmytro M.ENG: Railway transportation is an integral part in the transport infrastructure of our country. They cover passenger and cargo transportations by Ukrzaliznytsia, industrial enterprises, including transportation of the mining sector, which is characterized by heavy loads on the traction rolling stock due to large gradients of the track profile. Railway transport management is always preceded by traction calculations, the center of which is to solve the equation of train movement.Purpose.To determine the rational values of the variables in solving the equation of train movement, as well as relevant limits in their applicability.Methodology. To achieve the purpose, methods of system analysis, nonlinear programming, numerical methods for solving differential equations, namely the classical, Runge-Kutta-Feelberg, and Rosenbrock methods, are used. Computational accuracy was verified using simulation methods and compared with experimental data. Findings. The results of the research involve increasing the calculating speed when solving the equation of train movement without loss of accuracy, which allowed using the proposed method in on-board systems of locomotives. Originality. During the research, new scientifically grounded results were obtained that solve the scientific task in improving the energy efficiency of train operation, and are of great importance for railway transport. The obtained results constitute the originality, which consists in determining the rational limits of applicability and the value in a step of integration variables for the equations of the train movement. Practical value. The research results allow reducing the cost of energy consumed by hauling operations due to the promt recalculation of rational control modes when changing the train situation.Item Determination of Integrated Indicator for Analysis of the Traffic Safety Condition for Traction Rolling Stock(Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2018) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Bolzhelarskyi, Yaroslav V.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Hryshechkina, Tatyana S.ENG: Traffic safety is a major priority in railway transport operation. Locomotive facility is one of the responsible units in general system of railways. A complex and cumbersome system of indicators is used in locomotive facilities to analyze the operation. The existing system makes it difficult to analyze the general level of work organization in the locomotive facilities. Purpose of the study is to determine the methodology of forming a certain dimensionless indicator (or group of indicators) that will reflect the general level of safety in the locomotive facilities. As the research methodology it was chosen principal component analysis as the corresponding mathematical apparatus, which makes it possible to analyze the existing indicators characterizing the performed work and the traffic safety condition with the necessary degree of informativity. As a result, the main components and the degree of their influence on the general level of traffic safety in the locomotive facilities are set. The indicators that have the most influence on the technical and safety components of the integrated indicator of traffic safety condition are determined. Originality of the work is that it for the first time proposes the concept of index of traffic safety condition and the method of its determination using the principal component analysis. Practical value of the work lies in the fact that the ranking of technical and safety components according to the degree of their influence on the general traffic safety index has been performed. Also, the locomotive units which have the greatest influence on the traffic safety condition and reliability were determined.Item Devising a Procedure for Calculating the Technical Condition Index of Locomotive Nodes Based on Monitoring Results(Technology Center, Kharkov, Ukraine, 2021) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Ochkasov, MykhailoENG: The widespread introduction of information technologies in the systems that manage technical fleets, the use of maintenance and repair systems based on risk assessment, is based on the calculation of a large enough number of indicators. Modern locomotives are equipped with systems for monitoring and diagnosing technical condition. Combining these systems with the Internet of Things and Big Data technologies provides an opportunity to use completely new approaches to fleet management. At the initial stage of the construction of such systems, it is necessary to devise criteria that make it possible to automatically determine the technical condition of a locomotive and its components in order to identify the locomotive in the total fleet that requires maintenance or repair. A procedure has been proposed for calculating the technical condition index of locomotives and their components based on data from monitoring systems. The procedure is based on the formation of latent diagnostic parameters employing the principal component method and on the subsequent calculation of the weight coefficients of these parameters applying the method of hierarchy analysis. The special feature of the proposed procedure is that when calculating the index, those latent diagnostic parameters are used that are derived from the group of control parameters whose weight coefficients are computed using the method of hierarchy analysis without involving experts. This paper reports the results from calculating the informativeness of the diagnostic parameters of load, loss, input, as well as their weight coefficients. The highest information content, from 0.5 to 0.85, is demonstrated by the load parameter; the smallest (0.05‒0.26) ‒ the input parameter. The average value and the dependences of changes in the technical condition index of a hydraulic transmission during the tests have been determined. Analysis of the technical condition index makes it possible to assess the transmission’s response to changes in test modes, the dynamics of changes in losses.Item Devising a Procedure to form the Diagnostic Parameters for Locomotives using a Principal Components Analysis(Technology Center, Kharkov, Ukraine, 2021) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.ENG: Modern diagnostic systems are characterized by that the flow of diagnostic information requires significant computational resources to process. In order to improve the reliability of the object to be diagnosed and reduce operating costs, it is necessary to improve procedures for analyzing diagnostic results. This paper suggests a procedure to form the diagnostic features of locomotive nodes based on the use of a principal components analysis. The proposed approach is distinguished by a decrease in the dimensionality of the input set of diagnostic features in order to select the sets of interconnected diagnostic parameters. Based on the selection of the sets of interconnected diagnostic features, constructing new latent diagnostic parameters has been proposed. A latent diagnostic parameter contains information that combines data from several initial diagnostic features. The result of the method is a set of latent diagnostic parameters that do not correlate with each other and reflect the behavior of the object to be diagnosed from different technical points. The application of a sufficient number of latent diagnostic parameters involved the scree test method. This paper reports the results from using the proposed approach for treating the results from diagnosing the hydraulic transmissions in locomotives. The result from applying the procedure has made it possible to propose using three latent diagnostic parameters to assess the technical condition of a locomotive’s hydraulic transmission during bench tests. The suggested parameters contain 90 % of the original information and reflect losses in the transmission, as well as the load at the input and output of the transmission.Item Energy Efficiency of Diesel locomotive Hydraulic Transmission Tests at locomotive Repair Plant(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2015) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Kapitsa, Mykhaylo I.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Koreniuk, Roman O.ENG: Purpose. In difficult economic conditions, cost reduction of electricity consumption for the needs of production is an urgent task for the country’s industrial enterprises. Technical specifications of enterprises, which repair diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission, recommend conducting a certain amount of evaluation and regulatory tests to monitor their condition after repair. Experience shows that a significant portion of hydraulic transmission defects is revealed by bench tests. The advantages of bench tests include the ability to detect defects after repair, ease of maintenance of the hydraulic transmission and relatively low labour intensity for eliminating defects. The quality of these tests results in the transmission resource and its efficiency. Improvement of the technology of plant post-repairs hydraulic tests in order to reduce electricity consumption while testing. Methodology. The possible options for hydraulic transmission test bench improvement were analysed. There was proposed an energy efficiency method for diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission testing in locomotive repair plant environment. This is achieved by installing additional drive motor which receives power from the load generator. Findings. Based on the conducted analysis the necessity of improving the plant stand testing of hydraulic transmission was proved. The variants of the stand modernization were examined. The test stand modernization analysis was conducted. Originality. The possibility of using electric power load generator to power the stand electric drive motor or the additional drive motor was theoretically substantiated. Practical value. A variant of hydraulic transmission test stand based on the mutual load method was proposed. Using this method increases the hydraulic transmission load range and power consumption by stand remains unchanged. The additional drive motor will increase the speed of the input shaft that in its turn will allow testing in closer to real conditions as a result of increased load on the hydraulic transmission. Increased load on the hydraulic transmission will help to detect possible defects and hence will improve the quality of transmission repairs.Item Improving Operation and Maintenance of Locomotives of Ukrainian Railways(Vilnius College of Technologies and Design, Vilnius, Lithuania, 2016) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Bobyr, Dmytro V.ENG: The results of research according to operation system improvement and locomotive technical equipment of Ukrainian railways are represented in the article. The scientific work is carried out by “Technical maintenance and diagnostics of locomotives” laboratory of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after acad. V. Lazaryan. The methods and hardware and software system of train handling rational modes selection are developed for exploitation system improvement. The theoretical basis of implementation necessity of technical diagnostics equipment in locomotive unit is outlined in the article. The method for determining the limits of diagnostic parameters change is suggested. The method can be used in the preliminary stage of locomotives maintenance development system, the locomotives are equipped with on-board diagnostics systems. The examples of diagnostic systems for locomotives node points and their work results are enumerated.Item Mathematical Model of the Derailed Train Wheel Motion(Silesian University of Technology, Poland, 2016) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Bolzhelarskyi, Yaroslav V.; Laushnyk, Igor P.ENG: It is developed a mathematical model of the derailed train wheel motion, which makes it possible to determine a change in its speed when moving on the track panel. When constructing the model the methods of theoretical mechanics and train traction were used. It was found that the highest speed reduction occurs as a consequence of the wheel impact on the sleeper. The model allows creating a generalized mathematical model of the train motion in the emergency mode.Item Safety Performance Analysis of the Movement and Operation of Locomotives(Kaunas University of Technology; Publishing House “Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2018) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Bodnar, Yevhen B.; Hryshechkina, Tatiana S.; Keršys, RobertasENG: To estimate the state of the locomotive facility and work, performed by the locomotives, a system of planned and calculated indicators is used. The state of traffic safety in a locomotive facility is estimated in most cases by comparing the absolute number of traffic incidents with previous periods. Accordingly to the existing system of traffic safety analysis, the volume of work performed in the locomotive facility is not taken into account. The purpose of the research is to determine the methodology for forming a certain dimensionless indicator (or group of indicators) that will reflect the overall level of safety in the locomotive facility, taking into account the volumes of work performed by locomotives. The authors suggest the usage of the relative indicators to estimate the state of traffic safety, factoring in the volumes of transportation. As a method of research, we chose the method of the main components as the appropriate mathematical apparatus, which allows analysing the proposed indicators, characterizing the performed work and the traffic safety state with the necessary degree of informativeness. As a result, the most informative indicators and the degree of their correlation with the general index of traffic safety state were determined. Originality of the study lies in the fact that the system of indicators for the traffic safety analysis was improved; the concept of the traffic safety state index and the method of its determination using the method of the main components were improved. The practical value of the work is that we propose to use the relative indicators for estimating the traffic safety, taking into account the volumes of transportation; the ranking of the proposed indicators accordingly to the degree of their impact on the overall level of traffic safety is performed.Item Signal Analysis of the Armature Rotation Irregularities in the Traction Electric Motor by Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Methods(Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, 2022) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Serdiuk, Volodymyr N.; Ochkasov, MykhailoENG: Reducing the cost of maintenance and repair of vehicles is possible due to the early detection of malfunctions development and more complete use of the equipment resource. The introduction of contemporary information technologies allows real-time monitoring of the technical parameters for the equipment. Anomaly detection methods are used to process monitoring results. The paper presents the results of using the Unsupervised Anomaly Detection methods to analyze the signal of the rotation velocity irregularity of the armature shaft in the traction electric motor of a locomotive. When analyzing signals corresponding to faulty electric motors, anomalous components were identified. As the example of analyzing the signal of an electric motor with an increased radial clearance, the possibility of detecting the development of a malfunction at an early stage has been confirmed. The conducted research confirms the possibility of using anomaly search methods to control the technical condition of the traction electric motor in a locomotive during bench tests.Item Simulation of Locomotive Repair Organization by the Methods of Queue Systems Theory(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2018) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Bodnar, Yevhen B.; Hryshechkina, Tetiana S.; Ocheretnyuk, Maksym V.ENG: Purpose. The article is aimed to evaluate the influence of locomotives` operation and reliability indicators on the system of locomotives repair organization in depot, using the methods of queue theory. Methodology. The article describes the locomotive repair workshop using the terms and concepts of the queue systems theory (QST). The tasks solved during simulation of the repair workshop operation are formulated, the list of initial data and simulation results is given. A graphical simulation environment Simulink was used as a software simulation tool. Findings. It was established that the main indicators of locomotive depot operation are affected by the volume of traffic, the reliability of locomotives, the rule used to select locomotives from the queue, the number of operating repair bays. The developed model of the depot repair workshop will make possible rational planning of the repair workshop`s equipment use, the human capital, the time of putting the locomotives into repair taking into account the workshop loading uniformity, as well as to improve the repair parts supply logistics. This model in a simplified form describes the repair process of the main diesel locomotive fleet, and can be supplemented depending on the repair type performed in the depot. Originality. The paper presents the locomotive repair depot as an object of the queue systems theory. The simulation model of the locomotive repair depot was developed. It allows analyzing the influence of various factors on the system of locomotives` repair organization in the depot. Practical value. The obtained results make it possible to determine the influence of locomotives` operation and reliability indicators on the organization of the locomotive repair depot operation. In further studies, the developed model can be used to improve the system of repair organization on the railway network when introducing new series of locomotives and changing the strategy of their maintenance.Item System Choice of the Technical Maintenance of Locomotives Equipped with on-Board Diagnostic Systems(Kaunas University of Technology; Publishing House “Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2017) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.ENG: Any transport company seeks to reduce the cost of maintenance and repair of rolling stock, while maintaining the reliability of vehicles at a high level. Railway companies are aspiring to improve the railway engines maintaining system. However, many railway companies continue to use the preventive maintenance system for railway engines repairs. This system requires considerable funds for remedial maintenance and not always the amount of maintenance corresponds to real needs. The usage of this approach in the organization of maintenance can be considered morally obsolete. Especially this approach is not effective for railway engines equipped with on-board diagnostic systems. The article compares possible options for organizing maintenance and repair of railway engines. The usage of a combined maintaining system for railway engines equipped with on-board diagnostic systems is proposed. The main tasks that must be solved when choosing a system of technical maintenance of modern railway engines are formulated. The peculiarities of the choice of the between overhauls for railway engines equipped with on-board diagnostics systems are considered. A technology for building control systems for the reliability of hauling equipment is proposed. The issues that were discussed are relevant for many railway companies. The transition to more advanced system of hauling equipment maintenance will lead to a reduction in the cost of repairs while achieving a high level of reliability.Item Use of the Wavelet Transform for the Analysis of Irregularity of Crankshaft Angular Velocity(Kaunas University of Technology; Publishing House “Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2018) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Chernyayev, Dmytro V.; Skvireckas, R.ENG: The issue of quick and qualitative receiving of reliable and complete information concerning the technical state of a diesel engine in the locomotive is relevant one, although there are already many technical solutions in this direction. Indirect methods for diesel engine diagnostics are of gain ground. Among the existing methods, the diagnostics of the diesel engine technical state occupies a special place due to the analysis of irregularity of crankshaft angular velocity. Within the working cycle of the diesel engine, the crankshaft angular velocity of rotation is constantly changed. The mechanical inertia system of the pistons, rods and shaft receives impulses of mechanical energy from fuel combustion, as well as pulsed losses of kinetic energy on pump pistons-stroke. Thus, the value and shape of the torque of each cylinder affects the angular velocity of the shaft. The purpose of the research is to study the various types’ application for basic functions of wavelet transform to emphasize the diagnostic information from the signal of angular velocity irregularity of the diesel engine shaft. This will automate the process of diagnosing the diesel engine. The authors conducted simulation of the working process of a shunting diesel locomotive with hydrodynamic transmission. Type of the diesel engine: six-cylinder in-line engine with turbo-charger, power 750 hp. The nominal modes of the diesel engine operation at the crankshaft speed of 1400 rpm were considered. There are simulation of the fault-free condition and two types of faults: the change of fuel injection advance angle and change of the cycle fuel injection to greater and smaller sides from the passport date. For the resulting angular-velocity vectors and acceleration we applied continuous wavelet transform with different basic functions. The obtained results are estimated by energy criteria. The most promising basic functions are separated from the point of view of the most complete estimation of the energy for the portion of the signal carrying diagnostic information.Item Using the Self-Braking Method when the Post-Overhaul Diagnostics of Diesel-Hydraulic Locomotives(Kaunas University of Technology; Publishing House “Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2018) Bodnar, Borys Ye.; Ochkasov, Oleksandr B.; Bobyr, Dmytro V.; Koreniuk, Roman O.; Bazaras, Ž.ENG: A large number of diesel-hydraulic locomotives are operated at industrial enterprises. Reliability of diesel locomotives in operation directly depends on the quality of the conducted acceptance testing of the hydro-transmission after repair. Test procedures presuppose running-in and testing the hydraulic transmission in all modes of its operation. Run-in time is established by normative and technical documentation. During the running-in, the technical condition of the hydraulic transmission is determined on the base of the control of input and output parameters (shafts speed, temperature and oil pressure). The authors propose to improve the running-in process by introduction of tools and techniques of technical diagnostics. With this aim features of post-overhaul diagnostics of diesel-hydraulic locomotive were analyzed. The article deals with the diagnostics the condition of the mechanical part of the hydraulic transmission UGP (UHT- unified hydraulic transmission) 750/120 after a major overhaul. Choosing the diagnostic parameters of the mechanical part of the hydraulic transmission was carried out. We proposed to use free path (self-braking) mode to determine the mechanical losses at bench tests. As the criteria, determining the technical state of the mechanical part of the diesel-hydraulic locomotive during the tests in the self-braking mode, the following values are proposed: run-down time of shafts; change in the braking torque and the power of mechanical losses depending on the angular velocity. Diagnostics of the hydraulic transmission according to the above criteria allows reducing the time of receive/running-in tests and significantly increasing the technical condition accuracy and characteristics of the technical condition.