Розвиток методів оцінки міцності та витравалості несучих конструкцій рухомого складу залізниць
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Date
2021
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Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Abstract
UK: АНОТАЦІЯ Дисертаційна робота присвячена актуальному завданню розвитку методів оцінки міцності та витривалості несучих конструкцій рухомого складу з урахуванням особливостей та умов експлуатації залізничного рухомого складу України.
Система методів оцінки міцності та ресурсу несучих конструкцій повинна бути удосконалена наступним чином: виконувати роботи з оцінки технічного стану, продовженню строку експлуатації й контролю важливих параметрів рухомого складу в єдиному технологічному циклі з одержанням оцінок їхнього ресурсу; визначити, а потім контролювати та оцінювати параметри екіпажної частини рухомого складу, які можуть привести до серйозних інцидентів та аварій; контроль важливих параметрів повинен бути зробленим з використанням найбільш прогресивних методик та обладнання; перевагу слід віддавати методам дослідження, які не супроводжуються незворотнім руйнуванням їх конструкції.
В роботі запропоновано застосування удосконалених методів та методик оцінки важливих параметрів, а саме: метод «статистичного програвання» в оцінці ресурсу несучої конструкції, який дозволяє роботи обґрунтовані оцінки із застосуванням мінімально необхідного обсягу початкових даних; спрощений розрахунок міцності несучої конструкції з недосконалістю, який на відміну від існуючих підходів потребує даних щодо конфігурації конструкції, характеру навантажень та його механічних та металографічних характеристик; методологію статистичного оцінювання міри рівномірної корозії конструкцій локомотивів промислового транспорту; рейтингового оцінювання експлуатаційної якості елементів та змінних частин, а також моделі оцінки термінів експлуатації рухомого складу, базовані на порівнянні мір наробітків несучих конструкцій з широким застосуванням розрахункових та довідкових даних.
В результаті досліджень обґрунтовано призначення строку служби об’єктів досліджень: рами кузова тепловоза ТЕМ2 (залишковий-10 років); строк служби вузла демпфера коливань виляння рами візка електропоїзда HRCS2 встановлено рівним 50 років від побудови; порівняно експлуатаційну якість накладок пантографів магістральних електровозів змінного струму різних виробників; встановлено термін служби (28 років) кузова вантажного вагона, переобладнаний з рефрижераторного вагона.
EN: ANNOTATION The thesis paper is devoted to the relevant task of development of methods for estimation of the strength and durability of load-bearing structures of railway rolling stock taking into account the peculiarities and conditions of railway rolling stock operation in Ukraine. The system of methods for estimation of the strength and durability of load-bearing structures should be improved as follows: to carry out operations for extending the service life and the control of important parameters of rolling stock simultaneously, in a single technological cycle of inspection of technical condition of load-bearing structures followed by reports and recommendations on their further operation; to identify and then monitor and evaluate the parameters of the rolling stock underframe (important or critical parameters) that may lead to serious accidents and emergencies; in light of the lack of reserved units of industrial transport rolling stock, precedence should be given to research methods not ac-companied by the irreversible destruction of their structure. The actual, i. e. physical resource of the main load-bearing structures allows, as a rule, to extend their intended service life. The key part of the problem is finding the correct solution of the problem of extending the service life of bogie frames as elements of the rolling stock, the condition of which has the greatest impact on traffic safety. Given the sometimes insufficient level of maintenance, diagnostics and repairs by industrial enterprises and separate carriers, the scope of the said works should be supplemented by estimation of important parameters of rolling stock load-bearing structures, systematic monitoring of which should ensure their proper condition during the extended service life. The paper suggests improved methods and techniques for estimating the important parameters, namely: "statistical playback" method in estimating the life of a load-bearing structure, which renders it possible to carry out reasonable estimations using the minimum required amount of initial data; simplified calculation of the strength of a cracked load-bearing structure, which, in contrast to existing approaches, requires data on the configuration of the structure, the nature of loads and its mechanical and metallographic characteristics; methods for statistical estimation of the degree of uniform corrosion of industrial transport rolling stock structures focused on the use of equipment available in the conditions of maintenance and repair departments and enterprises; ranking of the operational quality of elements and change parts of rolling stock, which allows to rate their different classes and properties; models for estimating rolling stock service life based on the comparison of the operating life of load-bearing structures with the wide use of calculated and reference data. The thesis paper consists of an introduction and five sections. The introduction provides general description of the paper and justification of the paper topic relevance, as well as the purpose and objectives of the paper; it also gives scientific novelty and practical significance of the obtained results, and information on paper evaluation. The first section of the thesis paper reviews the literature, sets the task of improving methods for estimation of the strength and durability of load-bearing structures in the current state of operation, repair and scientific support of rolling stock of long-distance and industrial transport, provides an overview of technical characteristics of the objects under investigation, and economic justification for the operation of rolling stock beyond its designated service life. The second section presents mathematical models and methods that solve the problem set in the thesis paper to estimate the strength and life of rolling stock. The third section is devoted to the estimation of rolling stock parameters important for its safe operation, namely: the estimation of geometric characteristics of the locomotive body frame, hierarchical rating comparison of pantograph inserts of AC locomotives, estimation of the applicability of the hypothesis of the normal law of distribution of physical measures of dynamic load in the elements of special-purpose cars required for the correct application of use of methods for estimating the life of rolling stock load-bearing structures. The fourth section presents a study of the load of rolling stock load-bearing structures in operating conditions for selected research objects, which is necessary for further calculation of their strength and life. The section presents the results of the estimation of the operational load of hunting damper of dual-voltage electric train HRCS2 and the body of a thermos car upgraded for the transportation of piece and packaged goods. The fifth section is devoted to the realization of the goal set in the thesis paper – to estimate the strength and durability of rolling stock using the methods and approaches developed in the thesis paper. In this section the author presents his results of the calculation of the operating mode of the motor shaft of the AC electric locomotive ВЛ80, estimation of the life of the hydraulic hunting damper unit of dual-voltage electric train HRCS2, examples of estimation of the bogie frame life of the shunting locomotive TEM2 and the body frame life of the thermos car upgraded for the transportation of piece and packaged goods.
EN: ANNOTATION The thesis paper is devoted to the relevant task of development of methods for estimation of the strength and durability of load-bearing structures of railway rolling stock taking into account the peculiarities and conditions of railway rolling stock operation in Ukraine. The system of methods for estimation of the strength and durability of load-bearing structures should be improved as follows: to carry out operations for extending the service life and the control of important parameters of rolling stock simultaneously, in a single technological cycle of inspection of technical condition of load-bearing structures followed by reports and recommendations on their further operation; to identify and then monitor and evaluate the parameters of the rolling stock underframe (important or critical parameters) that may lead to serious accidents and emergencies; in light of the lack of reserved units of industrial transport rolling stock, precedence should be given to research methods not ac-companied by the irreversible destruction of their structure. The actual, i. e. physical resource of the main load-bearing structures allows, as a rule, to extend their intended service life. The key part of the problem is finding the correct solution of the problem of extending the service life of bogie frames as elements of the rolling stock, the condition of which has the greatest impact on traffic safety. Given the sometimes insufficient level of maintenance, diagnostics and repairs by industrial enterprises and separate carriers, the scope of the said works should be supplemented by estimation of important parameters of rolling stock load-bearing structures, systematic monitoring of which should ensure their proper condition during the extended service life. The paper suggests improved methods and techniques for estimating the important parameters, namely: "statistical playback" method in estimating the life of a load-bearing structure, which renders it possible to carry out reasonable estimations using the minimum required amount of initial data; simplified calculation of the strength of a cracked load-bearing structure, which, in contrast to existing approaches, requires data on the configuration of the structure, the nature of loads and its mechanical and metallographic characteristics; methods for statistical estimation of the degree of uniform corrosion of industrial transport rolling stock structures focused on the use of equipment available in the conditions of maintenance and repair departments and enterprises; ranking of the operational quality of elements and change parts of rolling stock, which allows to rate their different classes and properties; models for estimating rolling stock service life based on the comparison of the operating life of load-bearing structures with the wide use of calculated and reference data. The thesis paper consists of an introduction and five sections. The introduction provides general description of the paper and justification of the paper topic relevance, as well as the purpose and objectives of the paper; it also gives scientific novelty and practical significance of the obtained results, and information on paper evaluation. The first section of the thesis paper reviews the literature, sets the task of improving methods for estimation of the strength and durability of load-bearing structures in the current state of operation, repair and scientific support of rolling stock of long-distance and industrial transport, provides an overview of technical characteristics of the objects under investigation, and economic justification for the operation of rolling stock beyond its designated service life. The second section presents mathematical models and methods that solve the problem set in the thesis paper to estimate the strength and life of rolling stock. The third section is devoted to the estimation of rolling stock parameters important for its safe operation, namely: the estimation of geometric characteristics of the locomotive body frame, hierarchical rating comparison of pantograph inserts of AC locomotives, estimation of the applicability of the hypothesis of the normal law of distribution of physical measures of dynamic load in the elements of special-purpose cars required for the correct application of use of methods for estimating the life of rolling stock load-bearing structures. The fourth section presents a study of the load of rolling stock load-bearing structures in operating conditions for selected research objects, which is necessary for further calculation of their strength and life. The section presents the results of the estimation of the operational load of hunting damper of dual-voltage electric train HRCS2 and the body of a thermos car upgraded for the transportation of piece and packaged goods. The fifth section is devoted to the realization of the goal set in the thesis paper – to estimate the strength and durability of rolling stock using the methods and approaches developed in the thesis paper. In this section the author presents his results of the calculation of the operating mode of the motor shaft of the AC electric locomotive ВЛ80, estimation of the life of the hydraulic hunting damper unit of dual-voltage electric train HRCS2, examples of estimation of the bogie frame life of the shunting locomotive TEM2 and the body frame life of the thermos car upgraded for the transportation of piece and packaged goods.
Description
Захист – 23 вересня 2021 р.
Є. Горобець: ORCID 0000-0001-8017-1595
Є. Горобець: ORCID 0000-0001-8017-1595
Keywords
рухомий склад, ресурс, важливі параметри, витривалість, міцність, конструкція з недосконалістю, порівняння мір наробітку, рівномірна корозія, rolling stock, operational life, important parameters, endurance, durability, construction with fault, comparison of operating lives, uniform corrosion, КВВГ
Citation
Горобець Є.В. Розвиток методів оцінки міцності та витривалості несучих конструкцій рухомого складу залізниць : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук: 05.22.07. Дніпро, 2021. 22 с.