Browsing by Author "Zelenko, Yuliya V."
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Item Assesment of the Railway Influence on the Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2018) Samarska, Alla V.; Zelenko, Yuliya V.EN: Purpose. The scientific paper aims at analyzing the current state of the railway infrastructure soil contamination with heavy metals (HM), namely, the three stations of Prydniprovska railway: Kamianske-Pasazhyrske, Zaporizhzhia-Kamianske and Trytuzna. Methodology. The research object is the soil of the above mentioned railway stations, the research subject is the total content of HM. Sampling was carried out every 15 m between and outside both rails up to the end of railway ties. The total area of the investigated sites is 600 m2 . The total form of Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Mn concentration was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method. The obtained data were compared with the background concentration of HM for Dnipropetrovsk oblast and the results of analyzing the reference control located at a distance of 250 m from the railway stations. Findings. It is found out that rail transport is a source of HM emission into soil. The findings indicate that the soil state of the Kamianske-Pasazhyrske station corresponds to a low ecological risk and a low degree of pollution, since the station is a passenger one only and pollution occurs mostly due to the friction of wheels and rails and that of the pantograph and overhead system, as well as the pesticide use. The soil contamination of the Zaporizhzhia-Kamianske station is characterized by a considerable potential environmental risk and a very high degree of pollution. This station is a cargo-passenger one, and this pollution level is mainly due to loading and unloading processes. The soil of the Trytuzna station is characterized by an average potential ecological risk and a moderate degree of pollution. Although this station is mainly used for the freight trains reformation, but due to the transportation of large volumes of bulk ore cargoes HM fall into soil. Besides, the station is not electrified. Recommendations for assessment of the soil pollution levels are given. Originality. For the first time the potential ecological risk of soil contamination was determined on the basis of the physical and chemical analysis of the HM content in the soil of the above-mentioned stations. Practical value. The results of the study can be used as a justification of the reasonability of introducing the environmental monitoring programs for the railway land, the environmental protection measures for the soil treatment from HM, correcting the railway exclusion zone, as well as protection of adjacent territories from the propagation and accumulation of the mentioned pollutants. The necessity and urgency of the constant control of the HM content in the railway soil and the relevance of the research continuation in this scientific direction are confirmed on the basis of the received data.Item The Assessment of Negative Impact of Oil Products on Railroad Track and Rolling Stock Constructions(Kaunas Univ. of Technology, Lithuania, 2019) Zelenko, Yuliya V.; Lunys, O.; Neduzha, Larysa O.; Steišūnas, S.EN: Abstract In order to ensure the reliability of metal elements in structures of railway infrastructure, the influence of solutions is investigated that contain oil products on the degree of corrosive changes of steels of grade 3, 5, RSt37-2, 09G2D and grey cast iron 21-40. On the basis of experimental data that were obtained using R-5126 polarization resistance indicator, potentiostat P-5827 mathematical relations of the influence of various fractions of oil products on the rate of metal corrosion are introduced. The obtained data can be used for non-destructive control of basic elements of structures, the choice of effective inhibitors for reducing the corrosive aggressiveness of the environment and the protection of structural elements.Item Ecologic and Economic Means of Stabilization and Improvement of Environment State at The Railway Transport(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2014) Zelenko, Yuliya V.; Myamlin, Serhiy V.EN: The problems of escalation of the ecological situation in the sphere and intensification of negative trends in many sections of transport technologies are conditioned by the proactive rate of transport development and peculiarities of its interaction with the objects of environment. Objective. The required stage of the modern approach to formation of effective system of ecological management at railway station is creation of special eco-informational system that will the possibility to give an objective evaluation of ecological and economic losses, both in the process of natural resource management and in cases of accidents with negative ecological consequences. Methodology. Development of environment management systems at organization of natural resources management on the base of modern information technologies will give the possibility not only to reduce the frequency of situations, associated with the environment elements pollution, but also to optimize organization of the natural resources management, as high concentration of resources may lead to emergency in adjacent regions of mutually exclusive types of anthropogenic activity. Scientific novelty and practical relevance. There is developed the system of the environment ecological state management is intended for definition of the best options for the natural resources management development with consideration of ecological and economical factors. In the process of development of the scientific bases of the transport ecological safety development, there was carried out the analysis of three main conceptual approaches to safety definition. It is proved, that in recent years, due to measurement of the danger level on the base of introduction of the relevant factor, the proposed scientific and methodological apparatus gives the possibilities of operative management of ecological and economic risks at the railway through constant monitoring with the help of the GIS technologies and system analysis.Item Improving a Method for Eliminating the Spill of Hazardous Substances by Using “Universal Absorbent Cloth”(PC Technology Center, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2022) Zelenko, Yuliya V.; Calimbet, NicolayENG: In order to increase efficiency and implement the principles of resource saving during the elimination of emergency spills of dangerous goods when transporting them by rail, proposals have been offered to improve the method of localization and elimination of emissions of hazardous substances using the "Universal Absorbent Cloth" ("UAC") The specificity of localization of the emergency emission site and the principles of elimination based on sorption technologies using "UAC" are described. To manufacture "UAC", special equipment (carbonizer) was designed, which provides effective carbonization of raw materials from plant waste at sufficiently low temperatures ≤500 °C. Using a carbonizer, a universal sorbent was obtained, which is subsequently used for the manufacture of "UAC". The total carbonization time of plant waste samples did not exceed 60 minutes. The universal absorbent obtained during the carbonization process was placed in a fabric matrix to produce "UAC" absorbent cloth. Standardized procedures for conducting experiments are described. Studies of the adsorption characteristics of the proposed "UAC" involving various model solutions (Gasoline A-95, 25 % solution of ammonia water, and 15 % solution of hydrogen peroxide) confirm its versatility and efficiency; the degree of purification reaches 92 %. It is proposed to use certain types of railroad cars to transport "UAC" as part of a freight train, which is supported by the corresponding dynamic indicators. Recommendations for the regeneration or disposal of spent "UAC" cloth are provided. The proposals for improving the method of emergency emission elimination using the "Universal Absorbent Cloth" ("UAC") make it possible to minimize the negative consequences of emergency spills of liquid cargoes of different hazard classes and reduce the time spent on elimination operations. These advantages ensure the competitiveness and profitability of the proposed technology.Item Investigation of Heavy Metal Sources on Railways: Ballast Layer and Herbicides(WNGB Scientific Publishing House, Lublin, Poland, 2020) Samarska, Alla V.; Zelenko, Yuliya V.; Kovrov, Oleksandr S.EN: Railway operation can result in the significant environment contamination with heavy metals. The aim of the study was to broaden the knowledge about the railway transport as a source of heavy metals. Railway ballast stones and herbicides were chosen as the objects of the research since these contamination sources on railways are hardly investigated. The location of sampling the ballast stones was a passenger station, which is characterized by the high traffic intensity. The three most common glyphosate-based herbicides and two combination system herbicides of burn-down with other active agents were chosen for the analysis. The heavy metal content in the railway ballast stones was detected by means of XRF, in the herbicides ‒ by means of MP-AES. The railway ballast stones did not contain a sufficient amount of Cd, Co, Mo, Pd, Sn and W for detection. Pb and As were detected at the low concentration of less than 35 ppm only in several samples. The research results showed that the investigated railway ballast contained a significant amount of Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni. According to the absolute content of HMs in the contaminated ballast layer, they can be arranged in the following sequence: Fe > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Zn > Pb > As. The content of Fe in the contaminated ballast stones was strongly correlated with that of Ni (r = 0.972), Cr (r = 0.954) and Mn (r = 0.943). These metals are components of the railway steel. Therefore, their source can be the abrasion of rails and wheels. All the investigated herbicides contained Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The highest content of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was detected in the “Anti field bindweed” herbicide, which can be related to its complicated composition. Compared to the heavy metal content in the ballast stones, the herbicides can be considered a negligible source of these pollutants.Item Optimization of Heat-And-Power Plants Water Purification(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019) Zelenko, Yuliya V.; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Tarasova, LidiyaEN: The effect of the content of natural andanthropogenic pollutants (potentially acidic organicsubstances, synthetic surfactants and petroleum productsin water, which is exposed to desalting) on the efficiencyof КU-2-8 ion exchangers has been studied. To minimizethis negative influence the reagent method was used.Different natural and modified sorbents have beeninvestigated for additional purification of water beforefiltration on cation-exchange filters or periodicregeneration of ion exchangers by the studied reagents.