Удосконалення нормативів утримання та конструкції стрілочних з’їздів (дисертація)
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Date
2020
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Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро
Abstract
UKR: Дисертація присвячена удосконаленню нормативів утримання та конструкції стрілочних з’їздів. У роботі проаналізовано схеми укладання двох стрілочних переводів у з’їзд. Проаналізовано сучасні конструкції з’їздів та встановлено нові тенденції розвитку залізобетонної підрейкової основи в межах стрілочних переводів та з’їздів на закордонних залізницях. Проведено аналіз розвитку теоретичних та експериментальних досліджень з питань взаємодії колії та рухомого складу в прямих та кривих ділянках, а також на стрілочних переводах, що в сукупності формують будь-яку схему укладання з’їзду. Розроблено методику оцінки положення з’їздів у плані, яка базується на вимірюванні ординат від базисної лінії. Досліджено натурний стан захрестовинної частини стрілочних з’їздів на залізницях України. Удосконалено математичну модель взаємодії колії та рухомого складу, що дозволила більш точно встановити характер силового впливу рухомого складу на колію в межах з’їзду. Проаналізовано особливості впливу вантажного рухомого складу на напружено-деформований стан залізничної колії у межах з’єднувальної частини з’їзду за результатами експериментальних досліджень. Визначено найбільш несприятливу схему укладання з’їзду за критерієм впливу на колію та безпеки руху. Для обраної схеми встановлено співвідношення нормативних вимог для звичайної колії та отриманих шляхом моделювання, що дозволило удосконалити нормативи утримання з’їздів. Доповнено методику розрахунку з’їзду при його проектуванні для заданих умов експлуатації шляхом введення додаткової перевірки максимально-можливої довжини бруса, що розташовується в захрестовинній частині стрілочного з’їзду без порушення епюри. Удосконалено конструкцію з’їздів за рахунок використання збірної підрейкової основи, що дозволяє їх розміщувати при значені міжколійя менше 5,0 м.
ENG: The thesis is dedicated to the improvement of the maintenance standards and design of railway crossovers. In present work the installation schemas of two turnouts in a single crossover were analyzed. Found that according to the plan of the adjacent tracks, tangent of crossing angle and the plan of the connecting part, the total number of single crossovers reaches to 40 various combinations. Analyzed modern designs of crossovers and established new development trends of a concrete under-rail base within turnouts and crossovers on foreign railways. An analysis of previous theoretical and experimental researches of the rolling stock-track interaction within straight and curved track, as well as turnouts has been carried out. A method for estimating the crossover position in plan (based on measuring the ordinates from the baseline) has been developed. The real condition of the single crossovers on Ukrainian railways has been studied. Based on the transform technique of measured ordinates to versines, the way for establishing the permissible speed at curved turnouts was proposed. The mathematical model of the rolling stock-track interaction has been improved which will allow determining features of the force action of the rolling stock on track within the crossovers more accurately. The improvement is achieved by simultaneously considering the complex multi-mass car model and railway track, as well as taking into account their unique constructional features. In particular: under one wheel the track is presented as a multi-mass model with parametric change of its inertial and elastic characteristics along the permanent way; it’s considered the change of gaps in the side bearings and an appearance of the recovery moment during car body rolling; different types of linear and nonlinear links were used to connect the body system – viscoelastic link (Kelvin-Voigt model), Coulomb damping, creep, etc. To confirm the adequacy of the improved mathematical model, experimental studies were conducted at railway crossover. Based on the experimental results the influence features of freight rolling stock on the permanent way stress-strain state within the connecting part of single crossovers have been analyzed. The correctness of determining the minimum required number of research trips and the sample representativeness is confirmed by the obtained value of the coefficient of variation, less than the allowable level of 0.4. A qualitative and quantitative verification of the experimental data and simulated results showed a variance in the range of 9-13%, which confirms the adequacy of the improved model. Determined the most unfavorable scheme of single crossovers by the criterion of impact on railway track and traffic safety. For the selected crossover scheme established the ratio between regulatory requirements for a conventional railway track and obtained via mathematical model. Based on a quantitative criterion for evaluating the mechanical work of the vertical force, causing a dynamic displacement of the track, an increase of the deformation growth caused by a violation of the laying sleeper schema was confirmed. For example, increasing the distance between the beams by 40% increases the mechanical work to 49%. A technique for determining the maximum possible length of the beams that can be located within the blocks of crossovers without violating the distance between concrete or wooden beams has been developed. Proposed the design of the under-rail base, which will allow placing the single crossovers at the inter-track distances with width up to 4.1 m and showed the general principle of blocks composition during railway track installation.
ENG: The thesis is dedicated to the improvement of the maintenance standards and design of railway crossovers. In present work the installation schemas of two turnouts in a single crossover were analyzed. Found that according to the plan of the adjacent tracks, tangent of crossing angle and the plan of the connecting part, the total number of single crossovers reaches to 40 various combinations. Analyzed modern designs of crossovers and established new development trends of a concrete under-rail base within turnouts and crossovers on foreign railways. An analysis of previous theoretical and experimental researches of the rolling stock-track interaction within straight and curved track, as well as turnouts has been carried out. A method for estimating the crossover position in plan (based on measuring the ordinates from the baseline) has been developed. The real condition of the single crossovers on Ukrainian railways has been studied. Based on the transform technique of measured ordinates to versines, the way for establishing the permissible speed at curved turnouts was proposed. The mathematical model of the rolling stock-track interaction has been improved which will allow determining features of the force action of the rolling stock on track within the crossovers more accurately. The improvement is achieved by simultaneously considering the complex multi-mass car model and railway track, as well as taking into account their unique constructional features. In particular: under one wheel the track is presented as a multi-mass model with parametric change of its inertial and elastic characteristics along the permanent way; it’s considered the change of gaps in the side bearings and an appearance of the recovery moment during car body rolling; different types of linear and nonlinear links were used to connect the body system – viscoelastic link (Kelvin-Voigt model), Coulomb damping, creep, etc. To confirm the adequacy of the improved mathematical model, experimental studies were conducted at railway crossover. Based on the experimental results the influence features of freight rolling stock on the permanent way stress-strain state within the connecting part of single crossovers have been analyzed. The correctness of determining the minimum required number of research trips and the sample representativeness is confirmed by the obtained value of the coefficient of variation, less than the allowable level of 0.4. A qualitative and quantitative verification of the experimental data and simulated results showed a variance in the range of 9-13%, which confirms the adequacy of the improved model. Determined the most unfavorable scheme of single crossovers by the criterion of impact on railway track and traffic safety. For the selected crossover scheme established the ratio between regulatory requirements for a conventional railway track and obtained via mathematical model. Based on a quantitative criterion for evaluating the mechanical work of the vertical force, causing a dynamic displacement of the track, an increase of the deformation growth caused by a violation of the laying sleeper schema was confirmed. For example, increasing the distance between the beams by 40% increases the mechanical work to 49%. A technique for determining the maximum possible length of the beams that can be located within the blocks of crossovers without violating the distance between concrete or wooden beams has been developed. Proposed the design of the under-rail base, which will allow placing the single crossovers at the inter-track distances with width up to 4.1 m and showed the general principle of blocks composition during railway track installation.
Description
С. Токарєв: ORCID 0000-0002-2607-3123
Захист – 11 березня 2021 р., Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Захист – 11 березня 2021 р., Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Keywords
стрілочний з’їзд, методика вимірювання, взаємодія колії та рухомого складу, нормативи утримання, підрейкова основа, брус, верхня будова колії, напружено-деформований стан, railway crossover, measurement technique, rolling stock-track interaction, maintenance standard, under-rail base, beam, permanent way, stress-strain state, КККГ
Citation
Токарєв С. О. Удосконалення нормативів утримання та конструкції стрілочних з’їздів : дис. ... канд. техн. наук : спец. 05.22.06. Дніпро, 2020. 248 с.