Диагностика токоприемника электроподвижного состава
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, Дніпро
Abstract
RU: Актуальность. В условиях повышения скоростей движения электроподвижного состава, внедрения нового типа локомотивов и электропоездов особенно актуальной становиться проблема поддержания в работоспособном состоянии элементов контактной сети и токоприемника. Целью научных исследований является выполнение детальных теоретических и экспериментальных исследования механизмов и причин износа и разрушения элементов контактной сети и токоприемников электроподвижного состава и поиск факторов и условий, которые позволят уменьшить количество электрокоррозионных явлений и механических разрушений. Научная новизна. Предложены методы технической диагностики элементов токоприемника. I способ основан на применении двудольного графа, где производиться упорядочение вершин граф-моделей методом экспертных оценок, а затем каждому ребру присваивается вес, характеризующий связь между параметрами. II способ основан на декомпозиции рабочей граф-модели, где каждой вершине присваивается число, которое характеризует наблюдаемость параметра, т.е. соответствующего числа отказов для данного элемента. III способ основан на составлении схемы покрытия в виде двудольных графов соответствия между множеством дефектов и множеством диагностических параметров. Оригинальность. Результат. Анализ статистических данных показывает, доля отказов полозов токоприемников составляет – 36 %, контактных вставок – 13 %, кареток – 8%, рам – 8 %, шунтов – 4 %, подъемно-опускающих механизмов – 1% и прочие – 30 %. При чем с увеличением скорости движения поездов доля отказов контактных вставок увеличивается до 50 %, на полозы приходиться 18…20 %, подъемно-опускающие механизмы – 10 %, рамы – 3 %, каретки – 3%, прочие – 14…16 %. Таким образом, процент отказов контактных вставок токоприемников достаточно высок. При чем, в зависимости от материала контактных вставок зависит число отказов в контактной сети. Так при медных и металлокерамических контактных вставках возникает около 22 % пережогов контактного провода из-за некачественного токосъема, а при угольных вставках – 6%. Practical significance. The classification of defects of the current collector, its runway and contact inserts, contact wire and their causes is performed.
UK: Актуальність. В умовах підвищення швидкостей руху ЕРС, впровадження нового типу локомотивів і електропоїздів особливо актуальною стає проблема підтримки в працездатному стані елементів контактної мережі і струмоприймача. Метою наукових досліджень є виконання детальних теоретичних і експериментальних досліджень механізмів і причин зносу і руйнування елементів контактної мережі, струмоприймачів електрорухомого складу і пошук факторів і умов, які дозволять зменшити кількість електрокорозійних явищ і механічних руйнувань. Scientific novelty. Methods of technical diagnostics of current collector elements are offered. The first method is based on the use of a bipartite graph, where the vertices of graph models will be ordered by the method of expert estimates, and then each edge is assigned a weight that characterizes the relationship between the parameters. Method II is based on the decomposition of the working graph model, where each vertex is assigned a number that characterizes the observability of the parameter, ie the corresponding number of failures for this element. Method III is based on drawing up a coating scheme in the form of bipartite graphs of correspondence between many defects and many diagnostic parameters. Result. Analysis of statistical data shows that the share of failures of runners of current collectors is - 36%, contact inserts - 13%, carriages - 8%, frames - 8%, shunts - 4%, lifting and lowering mechanisms - 1% and others - 30%. Moreover, with increasing train speed, the share of failures of contact inserts increases to 50%, skids account for 18… 20%, lifting and lowering mechanisms - 10%, frames - 3%, carriages - 3%, others - 14… 16%. Thus, the failure rate of contact inserts of current collectors is quite high. Moreover, depending on the material of the contact inserts, the number of failures in the catenary depends. Thus, with copper and metal-ceramic contact inserts there is about 22% overheating of the contact wire due to poor current collection, and with coal inserts - 6%. Practical significance. The classification of defects of the current collector, its runway and contact inserts, contact wire and their causes is performed.
EN: Actuality. In conditions of increasing train speeds, the introduction of a new type of locomotives and electric trains, the problem of maintaining the contact network and current collector elements of pantograph in a “healthy” state becomes especially urgent. The aim of scientific research is to carry out detailed theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanisms and causes of wear and destruction of contact network elements and EPS current receivers and to search for factors and conditions that will reduce the number of electro-corrosive phenomena and mechanical damage. Scientific novelty. Methods of technical diagnostics of the elements of the current receiver are proposed. The first method is based on the use of a bipartite graph, where the vertices of the graph models are ordered by expert estimates, and then each edge is assigned a weight that characterizes the relationship between the parameters. The second method is based on the decomposition of the working graph model, where each vertex is assigned a number that characterizes the observability of the parameter, i.e. the corresponding number of failures for this element. The third method is based on drawing up a coverage scheme in the form of bipartite graphs of correspondence between many defects and many diagnostic parameters. The results. Analysis of statistics shows that the quantity of failures of the slide plates is 36%, contact inserts (head) - 13%, carriages – 8%, frames – 8%, shunts – 4%, upper and lower mechanisms – 1% and others – 30%. Moreover, with the increase in the speed of trains, the proportion of failures of contact inserts increases to 50%, 18 ... 20% for the slide plates, upper and lower mechanisms – 10%, frames – 3%, carriages – 3%, others – 14 ... 16%. Thus, the failure rate of pantograph’s contact inserts is quite high. Moreover, the number of failures in the contact network depends on the material of the contact inserts. Thus, for copper and metal-ceramic contact inserts, about 22% of ignition of the contact wire occurs due to poor current collecting, and for coal inserts – 6%. Practically value. The classification of defects of the current collector, its slide plates and contact inserts, contact wires and their reasons is carried out.
UK: Актуальність. В умовах підвищення швидкостей руху ЕРС, впровадження нового типу локомотивів і електропоїздів особливо актуальною стає проблема підтримки в працездатному стані елементів контактної мережі і струмоприймача. Метою наукових досліджень є виконання детальних теоретичних і експериментальних досліджень механізмів і причин зносу і руйнування елементів контактної мережі, струмоприймачів електрорухомого складу і пошук факторів і умов, які дозволять зменшити кількість електрокорозійних явищ і механічних руйнувань. Scientific novelty. Methods of technical diagnostics of current collector elements are offered. The first method is based on the use of a bipartite graph, where the vertices of graph models will be ordered by the method of expert estimates, and then each edge is assigned a weight that characterizes the relationship between the parameters. Method II is based on the decomposition of the working graph model, where each vertex is assigned a number that characterizes the observability of the parameter, ie the corresponding number of failures for this element. Method III is based on drawing up a coating scheme in the form of bipartite graphs of correspondence between many defects and many diagnostic parameters. Result. Analysis of statistical data shows that the share of failures of runners of current collectors is - 36%, contact inserts - 13%, carriages - 8%, frames - 8%, shunts - 4%, lifting and lowering mechanisms - 1% and others - 30%. Moreover, with increasing train speed, the share of failures of contact inserts increases to 50%, skids account for 18… 20%, lifting and lowering mechanisms - 10%, frames - 3%, carriages - 3%, others - 14… 16%. Thus, the failure rate of contact inserts of current collectors is quite high. Moreover, depending on the material of the contact inserts, the number of failures in the catenary depends. Thus, with copper and metal-ceramic contact inserts there is about 22% overheating of the contact wire due to poor current collection, and with coal inserts - 6%. Practical significance. The classification of defects of the current collector, its runway and contact inserts, contact wire and their causes is performed.
EN: Actuality. In conditions of increasing train speeds, the introduction of a new type of locomotives and electric trains, the problem of maintaining the contact network and current collector elements of pantograph in a “healthy” state becomes especially urgent. The aim of scientific research is to carry out detailed theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanisms and causes of wear and destruction of contact network elements and EPS current receivers and to search for factors and conditions that will reduce the number of electro-corrosive phenomena and mechanical damage. Scientific novelty. Methods of technical diagnostics of the elements of the current receiver are proposed. The first method is based on the use of a bipartite graph, where the vertices of the graph models are ordered by expert estimates, and then each edge is assigned a weight that characterizes the relationship between the parameters. The second method is based on the decomposition of the working graph model, where each vertex is assigned a number that characterizes the observability of the parameter, i.e. the corresponding number of failures for this element. The third method is based on drawing up a coverage scheme in the form of bipartite graphs of correspondence between many defects and many diagnostic parameters. The results. Analysis of statistics shows that the quantity of failures of the slide plates is 36%, contact inserts (head) - 13%, carriages – 8%, frames – 8%, shunts – 4%, upper and lower mechanisms – 1% and others – 30%. Moreover, with the increase in the speed of trains, the proportion of failures of contact inserts increases to 50%, 18 ... 20% for the slide plates, upper and lower mechanisms – 10%, frames – 3%, carriages – 3%, others – 14 ... 16%. Thus, the failure rate of pantograph’s contact inserts is quite high. Moreover, the number of failures in the contact network depends on the material of the contact inserts. Thus, for copper and metal-ceramic contact inserts, about 22% of ignition of the contact wire occurs due to poor current collecting, and for coal inserts – 6%. Practically value. The classification of defects of the current collector, its slide plates and contact inserts, contact wires and their reasons is carried out.
Description
Аль Саид Ахмад Мохаммад Ахмад Диаб: ORCID 0000-0003-4056-1040
Keywords
электрический скользящий контакт, токосъём, контактный провод, контактная вставка пантографа, електричний ковзний контакт, струмознімання, контактний провід, контактна вставка пантографа, electric sliding contact, current collector, contact wire, pantograph contact insert, КЕТЕМ
Citation
Аль Саид Ахмад Мохаммад Ахмад Диаб. Диагностика токоприемника электроподвижного состава. Електромагнітна сумісність та безпека на залізничному транспорті. 2019. № 17. С. 84–92. DOI: 10.15802/ecsrt2019/245388.