Удосконалення системи утримання технічних об’єктів залізничного транспорту з урахуванням залежних відмов їх елементів
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Date
2021
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Дніпровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Abstract
UK: Дисертаційна робота присвячена проблемі підвищення надійності локомотивів у експлуатації за рахунок удосконалення їх системи утримання шляхом урахування залежних відмов елементів.
Виконано огляд сучасних систем утримання локомотивів, розглянуто методики вибору раціональних систем утримання. З’ясовано, що причинами більшості транспортних подій у локомотивному господарстві є залежні відмови елементів. При цьому жодна існуюча методика не враховує такі відмови при побудові раціональної системи утримання. У рамках вирішення цієї проблеми запропоновано врахування залежних відмов для вдосконалення системи утримання тягового рухомого складу та підвищення його експлуатаційної надійності.
Виведено рекурентне співвідношення на множинах, яке описує поширення залежних відмов по технічній системі. На основі цього співвідношення розроблено модель, яка дозволяє визначати вплив залежних відмов на вартість непланових ремонтів, враховувати витрати на усунення наслідків залежних відмов. Запропоновано раціональну систему утримання, яка враховує витрати коштів, часу та екологічних ресурсів при обмеженні показника інтенсивності відмов.
Для оцінювання виконання системи утримання запропоновано використання єдиного інтегрального показника, який будується на основі статистичних даних із застосуванням методів зниження розмірності, що дозволило врахувати інформацію про систему технічного обслуговування та ремонту, а також вплив додаткових показників (наприклад, вантажообіг) на систему утримання. Також було виконано оцінювання стану безпеки руху в локомотивному господарстві з використанням запропонованої методики, яка дозволила перейти від 33 показників до одного, який достатньою мірою (зі збереженням 85 % вихідної інформації) характеризує стан безпеки руху.
Запропоновано раціональну систему утримання локомотивів, яка враховує залежні відмови обладнання, та надано оцінку її економічної ефективності на прикладі ТЕД електровоза серії ДЕ1. Виконані дослідження показали, що запропонована система утримання дозволяє зменшити вартість життєвого циклу 1 ТЕД цього електровоза на 10,51 тис. грн.
EN: The thesis is devoted to solving the problem of improving the existing system of maintenance of technical objects of railway transport, namely, to take into account the influence of dependent equipment failures. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic of the dissertation, formulates the purpose and main tasks of the research, determines the scientific novelty of the work and the practical significance of the results obtained, shows the connection of work with scientific themes. Information is given about the testing of the results of work, the personal contribution of the author and his publication. In the first section of the thesis, an analysis of the current state of traction rolling stock hold systems was carried out. Their advantages and disadvantages are determined. The lack to take into account the consequences of dependent failures of the main components of locomotives in any existing system of maintenance of technical objects of railway transport was detected. The analysis of transport events in the locomotive economy was carried out, which revealed that most of the accidents arose precisely due to the reasons for the equipment failures. According to the results of the first section the expediency of taking into account the dependent failures of elements of technical systems during construction of a rational system of holding these objects has been proved. The main task of rail transport is to ensure the needs of the population in transportation, that is, the solution of problems and the national economy and social needs. Modern realities also demand a careful attitude towards the use of ecological resources (water, fuel, etc.). Therefore, the question arises about the choice of rationality criterion when improving the railway transport technical objects maintenance systems. In the second section of the thesis, a systematic analysis of the theoretical foundations for improving the locomotive retention system was carried out. The main quantitative characteristics of the reliability of the system and the concept of dependent failure are considered. Modeling of failure to work and recovery process was performed. A recurrence ratio is described that describes the distribution of dependent failures on the system. Based on this correlation, the deterministic and probabilistic models of the distribution of dependent failures on the system are developed. This allowed taking into account the costs of eliminating the consequences of dependent failures in the maintenance system of technical objects. To assess the quality of the maintenance system and other aspects of the work of the locomotive park, a method is proposed based on methods of reducing the dimension of the data. With this technique, it is possible to analyze the state of the locomotive economy on various aspects (in terms of traffic safety, in terms of the quality of the implementation of the system of locomotive hold, in terms of operational safety, etc.). The third section of the thesis a method for determining a rational maintenance system using the mathematical apparatus of vector optimization. As criteria of rationality, according to the results of the analysis in the second section, the following indicators are selected: costs of expenses, time expenditures, expenses of ecological resources. The problem of vector optimization for three functions, which are described in detail, is formed. The basic conditions for existence of the solution of this problem are formulated. In the fourth section of the thesis, an estimation of the work of the locomotive park was carried out by methods of reducing the dimension of data, which made it possible to get rid of redundant duplicate information from a large number of output indicators of the activity of the locomotive economy. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the maintenance system, using the method of the main components and the hierarchy analysis method, a single integral index, the Index of execution the maintenance system, was developed. To substantiate the adequacy of the proposed indicator, its testing was carried out on the data of the Prydniprovska railway locomotive park. Comparison of the obtained values of the index and the average percentage of implementation of the repair plan showed a high degree of interdependence of these indicators. To test the hypothesis of equality of mathematical expectations of these indicators, t-criterion of Student was calculated, the value of which testified that the received empirical value was in the zone of meaningful results. The fifth section of the thesis presents the methodology and calculates the cost of the life cycle of the technical system (locomotive), taking into account the dependent failures of its equipment. This technique has allowed to determine the average cost of unplanned repair, which in turn allows you to improve the retention system. In order to substantiate this technique, an indicator is proposed that allows assessing the impact of dependent failures on the retention system.Approbation of the methodology work is carried outon data on the failure of the main equipment of electric locomotives DE1. This allowed to identify the nodes, failures of which lead to a significant increase (up to 12 times) of the cost of recovery in the event of dependent failures in the locomotive. For such nodes maintenance is provided by the maintenance system with a survey and restoration in fixed moments of work.
EN: The thesis is devoted to solving the problem of improving the existing system of maintenance of technical objects of railway transport, namely, to take into account the influence of dependent equipment failures. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic of the dissertation, formulates the purpose and main tasks of the research, determines the scientific novelty of the work and the practical significance of the results obtained, shows the connection of work with scientific themes. Information is given about the testing of the results of work, the personal contribution of the author and his publication. In the first section of the thesis, an analysis of the current state of traction rolling stock hold systems was carried out. Their advantages and disadvantages are determined. The lack to take into account the consequences of dependent failures of the main components of locomotives in any existing system of maintenance of technical objects of railway transport was detected. The analysis of transport events in the locomotive economy was carried out, which revealed that most of the accidents arose precisely due to the reasons for the equipment failures. According to the results of the first section the expediency of taking into account the dependent failures of elements of technical systems during construction of a rational system of holding these objects has been proved. The main task of rail transport is to ensure the needs of the population in transportation, that is, the solution of problems and the national economy and social needs. Modern realities also demand a careful attitude towards the use of ecological resources (water, fuel, etc.). Therefore, the question arises about the choice of rationality criterion when improving the railway transport technical objects maintenance systems. In the second section of the thesis, a systematic analysis of the theoretical foundations for improving the locomotive retention system was carried out. The main quantitative characteristics of the reliability of the system and the concept of dependent failure are considered. Modeling of failure to work and recovery process was performed. A recurrence ratio is described that describes the distribution of dependent failures on the system. Based on this correlation, the deterministic and probabilistic models of the distribution of dependent failures on the system are developed. This allowed taking into account the costs of eliminating the consequences of dependent failures in the maintenance system of technical objects. To assess the quality of the maintenance system and other aspects of the work of the locomotive park, a method is proposed based on methods of reducing the dimension of the data. With this technique, it is possible to analyze the state of the locomotive economy on various aspects (in terms of traffic safety, in terms of the quality of the implementation of the system of locomotive hold, in terms of operational safety, etc.). The third section of the thesis a method for determining a rational maintenance system using the mathematical apparatus of vector optimization. As criteria of rationality, according to the results of the analysis in the second section, the following indicators are selected: costs of expenses, time expenditures, expenses of ecological resources. The problem of vector optimization for three functions, which are described in detail, is formed. The basic conditions for existence of the solution of this problem are formulated. In the fourth section of the thesis, an estimation of the work of the locomotive park was carried out by methods of reducing the dimension of data, which made it possible to get rid of redundant duplicate information from a large number of output indicators of the activity of the locomotive economy. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the maintenance system, using the method of the main components and the hierarchy analysis method, a single integral index, the Index of execution the maintenance system, was developed. To substantiate the adequacy of the proposed indicator, its testing was carried out on the data of the Prydniprovska railway locomotive park. Comparison of the obtained values of the index and the average percentage of implementation of the repair plan showed a high degree of interdependence of these indicators. To test the hypothesis of equality of mathematical expectations of these indicators, t-criterion of Student was calculated, the value of which testified that the received empirical value was in the zone of meaningful results. The fifth section of the thesis presents the methodology and calculates the cost of the life cycle of the technical system (locomotive), taking into account the dependent failures of its equipment. This technique has allowed to determine the average cost of unplanned repair, which in turn allows you to improve the retention system. In order to substantiate this technique, an indicator is proposed that allows assessing the impact of dependent failures on the retention system.Approbation of the methodology work is carried outon data on the failure of the main equipment of electric locomotives DE1. This allowed to identify the nodes, failures of which lead to a significant increase (up to 12 times) of the cost of recovery in the event of dependent failures in the locomotive. For such nodes maintenance is provided by the maintenance system with a survey and restoration in fixed moments of work.
Description
Т. Гришечкіна: ORCID 0000-0003-1570-4150
Захист - 14 травня 2021 р.
Захист - 14 травня 2021 р.
Keywords
тяговий рухомий склад, надійність, система утримання, залежні відмови, математичне моделювання, методи зниження розмірності, вартість життєвого циклу, traction rolling stock, reliability, retention system, dependent failures, mathematical modeling, methods of diminishing of dimension, cost of life cycle, КВМ
Citation
Гришечкіна Т. С. Удосконалення системи утримання технічних об’єктів залізничного транспорту з урахуванням залежних відмов їх елементів : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук: 05.22.20. Дніпро, 2021. 21 с.