Удосконалення функціонування систем опалення та вентиляції пасажирських вагонів
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Date
2019
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Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Abstract
UK: Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню актуального наукового завдання з удосконалення функціонування систем опалення та вентиляції пасажирських вагонів шляхом розробки наукових основ вибору оптимізаційних заходів для систем життєзабезпечення та апаратного забезпечення з підвищенням енергоефективності цих систем, без зниження якості мікроклімату в пасажирських вагонах. Теоретично і експериментально досліджено фактори, що впливають на ефективність процесу формування параметрів мікроклімату в пасажирському рухомому складі. Визначено методи підвищення ефективності й енергоефективності, котрі можна реалізувати на існуючих конструкціях пасажирських вагонів. Запропоновані рішення з вдосконалення систем опалення підвищують енергоефективність системи опалення на 27 ,4 %. Це дає підстави для зниження потужності системи опалення щонайменше на 25 %. Економічний ефект від запропонованих рішень вдосконалення за період експлуатації (14 років) для експлуатаційного парку пасажирських вагонів складатиме 561,948 млн. грн.
RU: Диссертация посвящена решению актуальной научной задачи по совершенствованию функционирования систем отопления и вентиляции пассажирских вагонов путем разработки научных основ выбора оптимизационных мероприятий для систем жизнеобеспечения и аппаратного обеспечения с повышением энергоэффективности этих систем, без снижения качества микроклимата в пассажирских вагонах. Теоретически и экспериментально исследованы факторы, влияющие на эффективность процесса формирования параметров микроклимата в пассажирском подвижном составе. Определены методы повышения эффективности и энергоэффективности, которые можно реализовать на существующих конструкциях пассажирских вагонов. Предлагаемые решения по совершенствованию систем отопления повышают энергоэффективность системы отопления на 27,4%. Это дает основания для снижения мощности системы отопления минимум на 25%. Экономический эффект от предложенных решений совершенствования за период эксплуатации (14 лет) для эксплуатационного парка пассажирских вагонов составляет 561,948 млн. грн.
EN: The dissertation is devoted to improvement of functioning of systems of heating and ventilation of passenger carriages by developing scientific bases the choice of optimization measures for life support systems and hardware with increased energy efficiency of these systems, without reducing the quality of microclimate in passenger carriages. Flaws, systems of heating of passenger carriages are determined, which have two fundamental disadvantages: firstly, the lack of proper automation of work in order to maintain а stable temperature regime in wagons. Secondly, the low rate of natural circulation of water in the heating pipes there is а decrease in the heat output of the heating devices, which is exacerbated by another factor - uneven heat dissipation of heating pipes. Lack of proper interaction of ventilation and heating systems, as а result, unsatisfactory use of the ventilation system of а passenger carriage. Constructions of heating systems of а passenger fleet of wagons substantiated in the 70's and 80's of the last century, when the problem of providing normalized microclimate parameters mainly solved by increasing the capacity of heating appliances. The mathematical model is developed of non-stationary thermal mode of а passenger carriage with water heating system to evaluate the role of non-stationary, transitional temperature states in passenger carriage, selection of optimal technical characteristics of heating devices and building an algorithm for managing their work according to operating conditions, including in view of the thermal inertia of the carriage at transitional operating modes of the heating system. Developed models of passenger carriages in the written modeling program, for complex analyzes of non-stationary thermal processes at the heating of а passenger carriage at any stage of the flight. The factors influencing the efficiency of the process are investigated theoretically and experimentally formation of parameters of the microclimate in the passenger rolling stock. On the basis of research, which are performed using the simulation model of the wagon taking into account physically substantiated and experimentally confirmed features thermal condition of the carriage during operation, (recreated energy flows of the energy balance of passenger carriage) proposed scientifically-based methods for improving effectiveness and energy efficiency of life support systems functioning, without reducing the quality of the microclimate of passenger carriages. The most valid methods of increasing efficiency and energy efficiency are determined, which can be realized on existing constructions of passenger carriages and which do not require significant expenses. Supply of coolant to the heating pipes on separate risers, which allows you to refuse the use of а circulating pump. The use of combined insulation, which reduces the heat output of the dilution pipes to 75% and allows to increase the energy efficiency of the heating system by 13.4%. Integration of СО2 sensors together with the automation of the operation of the calorifier allow to maintain the desired temperature of outside air, supplied by the ventilation system, reduces thermal energy for heating the outside air by 10%. Ensure uniform heating of heat pipes due to changes in the intensity of radiation heat transfer from the surface of the heating pipes by installing flat-oval heating pipes are made of aluminum using the chemical blackening of the desired sites in such а way, so that heat from each heating pipe segment would be the same. This method provides а uniform temperature regime along the length of the carriage, reduces metal construction for 370 kg, and reduces the costs of heat energy by 4.8%. Control of heat transfer of heating pipes at the expense of free convection regulatory casings allows to reduce the influence of the thermal inertia of the heating system on the temperature mode in the carriage and reduces heat loss by 4.6%. The proposed methods for improving heating systems are easily implemented and do not require significant investment; energy efficiency of their implementation is 27.4%, this gives grounds for reducing the power of the heating system by at least 25%. The economic effect of each of the proposed improvement solutions for one carriage in the period of operation (14 years) is 237,51 thousand UAH, and an operational fleet of passenger carriages (projected for 2018) will make 2 366 wagons, thus for the passenger fleet of passenger carriages the total economic effect will amount to UAH 561,948 million.
RU: Диссертация посвящена решению актуальной научной задачи по совершенствованию функционирования систем отопления и вентиляции пассажирских вагонов путем разработки научных основ выбора оптимизационных мероприятий для систем жизнеобеспечения и аппаратного обеспечения с повышением энергоэффективности этих систем, без снижения качества микроклимата в пассажирских вагонах. Теоретически и экспериментально исследованы факторы, влияющие на эффективность процесса формирования параметров микроклимата в пассажирском подвижном составе. Определены методы повышения эффективности и энергоэффективности, которые можно реализовать на существующих конструкциях пассажирских вагонов. Предлагаемые решения по совершенствованию систем отопления повышают энергоэффективность системы отопления на 27,4%. Это дает основания для снижения мощности системы отопления минимум на 25%. Экономический эффект от предложенных решений совершенствования за период эксплуатации (14 лет) для эксплуатационного парка пассажирских вагонов составляет 561,948 млн. грн.
EN: The dissertation is devoted to improvement of functioning of systems of heating and ventilation of passenger carriages by developing scientific bases the choice of optimization measures for life support systems and hardware with increased energy efficiency of these systems, without reducing the quality of microclimate in passenger carriages. Flaws, systems of heating of passenger carriages are determined, which have two fundamental disadvantages: firstly, the lack of proper automation of work in order to maintain а stable temperature regime in wagons. Secondly, the low rate of natural circulation of water in the heating pipes there is а decrease in the heat output of the heating devices, which is exacerbated by another factor - uneven heat dissipation of heating pipes. Lack of proper interaction of ventilation and heating systems, as а result, unsatisfactory use of the ventilation system of а passenger carriage. Constructions of heating systems of а passenger fleet of wagons substantiated in the 70's and 80's of the last century, when the problem of providing normalized microclimate parameters mainly solved by increasing the capacity of heating appliances. The mathematical model is developed of non-stationary thermal mode of а passenger carriage with water heating system to evaluate the role of non-stationary, transitional temperature states in passenger carriage, selection of optimal technical characteristics of heating devices and building an algorithm for managing their work according to operating conditions, including in view of the thermal inertia of the carriage at transitional operating modes of the heating system. Developed models of passenger carriages in the written modeling program, for complex analyzes of non-stationary thermal processes at the heating of а passenger carriage at any stage of the flight. The factors influencing the efficiency of the process are investigated theoretically and experimentally formation of parameters of the microclimate in the passenger rolling stock. On the basis of research, which are performed using the simulation model of the wagon taking into account physically substantiated and experimentally confirmed features thermal condition of the carriage during operation, (recreated energy flows of the energy balance of passenger carriage) proposed scientifically-based methods for improving effectiveness and energy efficiency of life support systems functioning, without reducing the quality of the microclimate of passenger carriages. The most valid methods of increasing efficiency and energy efficiency are determined, which can be realized on existing constructions of passenger carriages and which do not require significant expenses. Supply of coolant to the heating pipes on separate risers, which allows you to refuse the use of а circulating pump. The use of combined insulation, which reduces the heat output of the dilution pipes to 75% and allows to increase the energy efficiency of the heating system by 13.4%. Integration of СО2 sensors together with the automation of the operation of the calorifier allow to maintain the desired temperature of outside air, supplied by the ventilation system, reduces thermal energy for heating the outside air by 10%. Ensure uniform heating of heat pipes due to changes in the intensity of radiation heat transfer from the surface of the heating pipes by installing flat-oval heating pipes are made of aluminum using the chemical blackening of the desired sites in such а way, so that heat from each heating pipe segment would be the same. This method provides а uniform temperature regime along the length of the carriage, reduces metal construction for 370 kg, and reduces the costs of heat energy by 4.8%. Control of heat transfer of heating pipes at the expense of free convection regulatory casings allows to reduce the influence of the thermal inertia of the heating system on the temperature mode in the carriage and reduces heat loss by 4.6%. The proposed methods for improving heating systems are easily implemented and do not require significant investment; energy efficiency of their implementation is 27.4%, this gives grounds for reducing the power of the heating system by at least 25%. The economic effect of each of the proposed improvement solutions for one carriage in the period of operation (14 years) is 237,51 thousand UAH, and an operational fleet of passenger carriages (projected for 2018) will make 2 366 wagons, thus for the passenger fleet of passenger carriages the total economic effect will amount to UAH 561,948 million.
Description
Е. Білошицький: ORCID 0000-0002-2424-8479
Захист – 21 березня 2019 р., Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Захист – 21 березня 2019 р., Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Keywords
система опалення, енергоефективність, експериментальні виміри, математичне моделювання, пасажирський вагон, природна циркуляція, тепловіддача, нестаціонарні теплові процеси, система отопления, энергоэффективность, экспериментальные измерения, математическое моделирование, пассажирский вагон, естественная циркуляция, теплоотдача, нестационарные тепловые процессы, heating system, energy efficiency, experimental measurements, mathematical modeling, passenger carriage, natural circulation, heat transfer, non-stationary thermal processes, КВВГ
Citation
Білошицький Е. В. Удосконалення функціонування систем опалення та вентиляції пасажирських вагонів : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук : 05.22.07. Дніпро, 2019. 20 с.