Антифашистський рух Опору в Україні періоду Другої світової війни у вітчизняній історіографії
Loading...
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Запорізький національний університет, Запоріжжя
Abstract
UKR: Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора історичних наук за спеціальністю 07.00.06 – історіографія, джерелознавство та спеціальні історичні дисципліни. – Інститут історії України НАН України; Запорізький національний університет, Київ-Запоріжжя, 2018. У дисертації на основі широкого кола джерел і наукової літератури вперше здійснено комплексне дослідження процесу висвітлення та концептуалізації історії антифашистського руху Опору в Україні у вітчизняному історіописанні 1942–2015 рр., а саме: рівень історіографічного опрацювання історії руху Опору; ступінь дослідженості окремих аспектів теми; характерні особливості та напрями радянського і сучасного періодів вивчення теми; формування наукових центрів та історичних шкіл, в доробку яких значне місце належить працям з історії руху Опору. Також у праці здійснено спробу теоретично осмислити феномен руху Опору в Україні. Зокрема, запропоновано цілісне бачення історії антифашистської боротьби в Україні, визначено її періодизацію, основні форми, національно-політичні течії, регіональні та внутрішні особливості. У процесі осмислення феномену руху Опору на території України розглянуто дискусійні та досі повністю нерозв’язані аспекти теми, як то проблема приналежності до руху Опору окремих осіб та різного роду формувань, мотивація учасників, шляхи і критерії встановлення об’єктивніших кількісних показників ефективності боротьби проти окупантів. Особливу увагу приділено методології і термінології дослідження. Проаналізовані дискусійні аспекти та перспективні напрями наукових студій з історії руху Опору.
RUS: Диссертация на соискание научной степени доктора исторических наук по специальности 07.00.06 – историография, источниковедение и специальные исторические дисциплины. – Институт истории Украины НАН Украины; Запорожский национальный университет, Киев-Запорожье, 2018. В диссертации на основе широкого круга источников и научной литературы впервые произведено комплексное исследование процесса освещения и концептуализации истории антифашистского движения Сопротивления в Украине в отечественной историографии 1942–2015 гг., а именно: уровень историографического анализа истории движения Сопротивления; степень исследованости отдельных аспектов темы; характерные особенности и направления советского и современного периодов изучения темы; формирование научных центров и исторических школ, в которых важное место принадлежит работам по истории движения Сопротивления. Также в работе предпринята попытка теоретически осмыслить феномен движения Сопротивления в Украине. В частности, предложено целостное видение истории антифашистской борьбы в Украине, определена ее периодизация, основные формы, национально-политические течения, региональные и внутренние особенности. В процессе осмысления феномена движения Сопротивления на территории Украины рассмотрены доныне полностью неисследованные аспекты темы, такие как проблема принадлежности к движению Сопротивления отдельных личностей и разного рода формирований, мотивация участников, пути и критерии установления более объективных количественных показателей эффективности борьбы против оккупантов. Особое внимание уделено методологии и терминологии исследования. Проведен анализ дискуссионных аспектов и перспективных направлений научных поисков по истории движения Сопротивления.
ENG: Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences in specialty 07.00.06 – Historiography, Source Studies and Special Historical Disciplines. – Institute of the History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Zaporizhzhia National University, Kyiv-Zaporizhzhia, 2018. The dissertation represents a comprehensive study that was conducted for the first time, on the basis of a wide range of sources and scientific literature, of the process of coverage and conceptualization of the history of the anti-fascist resistance movement in Ukraine in the Ukrainian historiography of 1942-2015, namely: the level of historiographical elaboration of the history of the resistance movement; the degree of research of certain aspects of the topic; characteristic features and directions of the Soviet and contemporary periods of the topic studies; the formation of scientific centres and historical schools, among the accomplishments of which a significant place is occupied by the works on the resistance movement history. The work also demonstrates an attempt to theoretically comprehend the phenomenon of the resistance movement in Ukraine. In particular, a holistic view of the history of anti-fascist struggle in Ukraine was proposed, its periodization, main forms, national-political trends, regional and internal peculiarities were determined. In the process of reflection on the resistance movement phenomenon on the territory of Ukraine, controversial and still completely unresolved aspects of the topic were discussed, such as the problem of belonging to the resistance movement of individuals and different kinds of units, motivation of its participants, ways and criteria for establishing more objective quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of the struggle against the invaders. For the solution of the tasks, the author's conceptual framework was introduced. In particular, the definitions of such notions as «anti-fascist resistance movement», «resistance movement in Ukraine», «Ukrainian resistance movement», «Soviet resistance movement», «Jewish resistance movement», «Polish resistance movement» were clarified. In addition, the concepts of «civil resistance» and «spiritual resistance» were implemented into scientific circulation. Particular attention is paid to discussions about the terms «OUN-UPA» and «OUN and UPA», «antifascist resistance movement» and «anti-Nazi resistance movement», as well as the essence of the strategies of «country-wide war» and «atantism». For the convenience of the analysis, all the literature on the subject was stratified according to the theme into the local-historical (in which the resistance movement is illustrated on the example of particular regions), problem-historical (devoted to certain aspects of anti-fascist struggle), socio-historical (which focuses on the role of various strata of society in the resistance movement and includes biographical, psycho-historical and microhistorical studies) and synthetic (dissertations, monographs and fundamental publications that reflect the history of underground partisan struggle throughout Ukraine, and embrace all or most of the issues of the history of the resistance movement). The research reveals that the first publications devoted to the struggle against Nazi invaders appeared in the Soviet Union in 1942. The Soviet period lasted from 1942 up to 1991 and was divided into three stages, which were determined not by the internal development of science, but by the changes in power and the decisive influence of ideology on the subject and the conclusions of the studies of the resistance movement history. Within this period, only the issues related to the activities of Soviet partisans and underground members were developed, but civil resistance was considered part of the underground resistance movement. The concept of "country-wide war" developed by the Soviet historians advocated the direct and undivided leadership of the Communist Party in all forms of struggle against the invaders in the occupied territories of the USSR; paid particular attention to the study of armed, sabotage and propaganda forms of resistance; denied or ignored the anti-fascist activities of the Ukrainian, Polish and Jewish resistance movements on the territory of Ukraine. The first historiographical period resulted in accumulation of significant factual material on the history of the Soviet resistance movement, the beginning of its theoretical and historiographical comprehension. With the the accession to independence of Ukraine, the second stage of the study of the resistance movement history started, which can be divided into two periods. The specific feature of the post-Soviet period (1992-2004) was the fact that most publications were characterized by the prevalence of local and descriptive works, methodological eclecticism, and the significant influence of the Soviet and diaspora historiography. Since 2005, there has been a shift from the denial of the Soviet methodology and factual inquiries of a local nature to the adoption of new approaches and methodologies, separation from the influence of diaspora researchers of the history of the OUN-UPA, writing of synthetic works, theoretical understanding of phenomena and processes of the war age. Modern scholars have launched new topical areas: the study of the anti-fascist activity of the OUN-UPA, the Polish and Jewish resistance movements. More and more works are devoted to the issues of historical anthropology and historical psychology. Instead, the studies on the history of the Soviet underground partisan formations receded to the background. In general, the array of publications on the resistance movement history of the modern period has already exceeded the Soviet narrative in quantity and quality. The analysis of the national literature on the topic enabled us to conclude that most of the empirical tasks were solved by the researchers within the Soviet and modern Ukrainian historiography of anti-fascist struggle. The history of both the Soviet and Ukrainian resistance movements is reproduced in general terms. The task of comparison, specification, systematization and theoretical comprehension of the collected facts, writing of synthetic works on this topic has recently come to the fore. The issues of the effectiveness of the resistance movement and its quantitative indicators remain disputable and still completely unresolved. The solution to this problem is possible by setting clear criteria for the effectiveness, critical and thorough analysis of a specific source base. The application of new methodological approaches contributed to the activation and diversification of research on the history of the "Small War". The most promising in this regard is historical anthropology with its focus on interpersonal and intergroup interaction, audiovisual studies, social practices, mentality, psychology and patterns of behaviour, oral, local and gender history. The anti-fascist struggle of the OUN and UPA in the cities of Western Ukraine and in the rural areas of the eastern and central regions, the activities of UPA troops in Eastern Ukraine remain insufficiently researched. Major upgrade of regional studies on the history of the Soviet resistance movement is required. There is also an urgent need to create a fundamental, integrated work that would cover all aspects of the anti-fascist struggle in Ukraine, all its organized and unorganized participants. Only a comprehensive study of all national-political trends of the resistance movement, as well as the civil resistance of the civilian population, will allow to compare the various components of the resistance movement with each other, assess their scale and effectiveness, and identify their characteristic features. The practical significance of the main provisions and the obtained results of the dissertation lies in the fact that they have a scientific theoretical and practical application in the process of writing generalizing works on the history of Ukraine, world history, in research work in the field of historiography, military history, further development of the chosen topic. The factual material and conclusions of the research can be used in the educational process for students of military and humanitarian specialties of higher education institutions of Ukraine.
RUS: Диссертация на соискание научной степени доктора исторических наук по специальности 07.00.06 – историография, источниковедение и специальные исторические дисциплины. – Институт истории Украины НАН Украины; Запорожский национальный университет, Киев-Запорожье, 2018. В диссертации на основе широкого круга источников и научной литературы впервые произведено комплексное исследование процесса освещения и концептуализации истории антифашистского движения Сопротивления в Украине в отечественной историографии 1942–2015 гг., а именно: уровень историографического анализа истории движения Сопротивления; степень исследованости отдельных аспектов темы; характерные особенности и направления советского и современного периодов изучения темы; формирование научных центров и исторических школ, в которых важное место принадлежит работам по истории движения Сопротивления. Также в работе предпринята попытка теоретически осмыслить феномен движения Сопротивления в Украине. В частности, предложено целостное видение истории антифашистской борьбы в Украине, определена ее периодизация, основные формы, национально-политические течения, региональные и внутренние особенности. В процессе осмысления феномена движения Сопротивления на территории Украины рассмотрены доныне полностью неисследованные аспекты темы, такие как проблема принадлежности к движению Сопротивления отдельных личностей и разного рода формирований, мотивация участников, пути и критерии установления более объективных количественных показателей эффективности борьбы против оккупантов. Особое внимание уделено методологии и терминологии исследования. Проведен анализ дискуссионных аспектов и перспективных направлений научных поисков по истории движения Сопротивления.
ENG: Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences in specialty 07.00.06 – Historiography, Source Studies and Special Historical Disciplines. – Institute of the History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Zaporizhzhia National University, Kyiv-Zaporizhzhia, 2018. The dissertation represents a comprehensive study that was conducted for the first time, on the basis of a wide range of sources and scientific literature, of the process of coverage and conceptualization of the history of the anti-fascist resistance movement in Ukraine in the Ukrainian historiography of 1942-2015, namely: the level of historiographical elaboration of the history of the resistance movement; the degree of research of certain aspects of the topic; characteristic features and directions of the Soviet and contemporary periods of the topic studies; the formation of scientific centres and historical schools, among the accomplishments of which a significant place is occupied by the works on the resistance movement history. The work also demonstrates an attempt to theoretically comprehend the phenomenon of the resistance movement in Ukraine. In particular, a holistic view of the history of anti-fascist struggle in Ukraine was proposed, its periodization, main forms, national-political trends, regional and internal peculiarities were determined. In the process of reflection on the resistance movement phenomenon on the territory of Ukraine, controversial and still completely unresolved aspects of the topic were discussed, such as the problem of belonging to the resistance movement of individuals and different kinds of units, motivation of its participants, ways and criteria for establishing more objective quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of the struggle against the invaders. For the solution of the tasks, the author's conceptual framework was introduced. In particular, the definitions of such notions as «anti-fascist resistance movement», «resistance movement in Ukraine», «Ukrainian resistance movement», «Soviet resistance movement», «Jewish resistance movement», «Polish resistance movement» were clarified. In addition, the concepts of «civil resistance» and «spiritual resistance» were implemented into scientific circulation. Particular attention is paid to discussions about the terms «OUN-UPA» and «OUN and UPA», «antifascist resistance movement» and «anti-Nazi resistance movement», as well as the essence of the strategies of «country-wide war» and «atantism». For the convenience of the analysis, all the literature on the subject was stratified according to the theme into the local-historical (in which the resistance movement is illustrated on the example of particular regions), problem-historical (devoted to certain aspects of anti-fascist struggle), socio-historical (which focuses on the role of various strata of society in the resistance movement and includes biographical, psycho-historical and microhistorical studies) and synthetic (dissertations, monographs and fundamental publications that reflect the history of underground partisan struggle throughout Ukraine, and embrace all or most of the issues of the history of the resistance movement). The research reveals that the first publications devoted to the struggle against Nazi invaders appeared in the Soviet Union in 1942. The Soviet period lasted from 1942 up to 1991 and was divided into three stages, which were determined not by the internal development of science, but by the changes in power and the decisive influence of ideology on the subject and the conclusions of the studies of the resistance movement history. Within this period, only the issues related to the activities of Soviet partisans and underground members were developed, but civil resistance was considered part of the underground resistance movement. The concept of "country-wide war" developed by the Soviet historians advocated the direct and undivided leadership of the Communist Party in all forms of struggle against the invaders in the occupied territories of the USSR; paid particular attention to the study of armed, sabotage and propaganda forms of resistance; denied or ignored the anti-fascist activities of the Ukrainian, Polish and Jewish resistance movements on the territory of Ukraine. The first historiographical period resulted in accumulation of significant factual material on the history of the Soviet resistance movement, the beginning of its theoretical and historiographical comprehension. With the the accession to independence of Ukraine, the second stage of the study of the resistance movement history started, which can be divided into two periods. The specific feature of the post-Soviet period (1992-2004) was the fact that most publications were characterized by the prevalence of local and descriptive works, methodological eclecticism, and the significant influence of the Soviet and diaspora historiography. Since 2005, there has been a shift from the denial of the Soviet methodology and factual inquiries of a local nature to the adoption of new approaches and methodologies, separation from the influence of diaspora researchers of the history of the OUN-UPA, writing of synthetic works, theoretical understanding of phenomena and processes of the war age. Modern scholars have launched new topical areas: the study of the anti-fascist activity of the OUN-UPA, the Polish and Jewish resistance movements. More and more works are devoted to the issues of historical anthropology and historical psychology. Instead, the studies on the history of the Soviet underground partisan formations receded to the background. In general, the array of publications on the resistance movement history of the modern period has already exceeded the Soviet narrative in quantity and quality. The analysis of the national literature on the topic enabled us to conclude that most of the empirical tasks were solved by the researchers within the Soviet and modern Ukrainian historiography of anti-fascist struggle. The history of both the Soviet and Ukrainian resistance movements is reproduced in general terms. The task of comparison, specification, systematization and theoretical comprehension of the collected facts, writing of synthetic works on this topic has recently come to the fore. The issues of the effectiveness of the resistance movement and its quantitative indicators remain disputable and still completely unresolved. The solution to this problem is possible by setting clear criteria for the effectiveness, critical and thorough analysis of a specific source base. The application of new methodological approaches contributed to the activation and diversification of research on the history of the "Small War". The most promising in this regard is historical anthropology with its focus on interpersonal and intergroup interaction, audiovisual studies, social practices, mentality, psychology and patterns of behaviour, oral, local and gender history. The anti-fascist struggle of the OUN and UPA in the cities of Western Ukraine and in the rural areas of the eastern and central regions, the activities of UPA troops in Eastern Ukraine remain insufficiently researched. Major upgrade of regional studies on the history of the Soviet resistance movement is required. There is also an urgent need to create a fundamental, integrated work that would cover all aspects of the anti-fascist struggle in Ukraine, all its organized and unorganized participants. Only a comprehensive study of all national-political trends of the resistance movement, as well as the civil resistance of the civilian population, will allow to compare the various components of the resistance movement with each other, assess their scale and effectiveness, and identify their characteristic features. The practical significance of the main provisions and the obtained results of the dissertation lies in the fact that they have a scientific theoretical and practical application in the process of writing generalizing works on the history of Ukraine, world history, in research work in the field of historiography, military history, further development of the chosen topic. The factual material and conclusions of the research can be used in the educational process for students of military and humanitarian specialties of higher education institutions of Ukraine.
Description
М. Слободянюк: ORCID: 0000-0003-2218-0818
Захист – 1 червня 2018 р., Запорізький національний університет, м. Запоріжжя
Захист – 1 червня 2018 р., Запорізький національний університет, м. Запоріжжя
Keywords
друга світова війна, історіографія, рух Опору, партизани, підпілля, ОУН, УПА, цивільний спротив, вторая мировая война, историография, движение Сопротивления, партизаны, подполье, гражданское сопротивление, Second World War, historiography, resistance movement, partisans, underground, OUN, UPA, civil resistance, КУ
Citation
Слободянюк М. А. Антифашистський рух Опору в Україні періоду Другої світової війни у вітчизняній історіографії : автореф. дис. ... д-ра іст. наук : 07.00.06. Запоріжжя, 2018. 38 с.